Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PhPCPs) using different low-cost materials as substrates in the vertical, horizontal, and hybrid flow systems of constructed wetland ? A review

• Main Authors: Alsalihy S.T.H., Ahmed A.N., Salih G.H.A., M-Ridha M.J., Falahi O.A.A.
• Other Authors: 59043599500
• Format: Review
• Published: Elsevier B.V. 2025
• Subjects: Animals; Cost Effectiveness; Fertilizers; Removal; Sewage Treatment; Substrates; Wastes; Wetlands; Biological water treatment; Bioremediation; Cost effectiveness; Hybrid materials; Sewage sludge; Wastewater treatment; Constructed wetland; Flow systems; Horizontal flows; Hybrid flow; Lower cost materials; Number of peoples; Pharmaceutical and personal care products; Phytotechnology; Vertical flows; Wastewater, substrate

An increasing number of people are starting to worry about pharmaceutical chemicals in wastewater due to the widespread use of pharmaceuticals in human activities. Nevertheless, wastewater treatment technology has a hurdle when dealing with pharmaceutical residues. Wastewater treatment facilities (W...