Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index

It is critical to monitor water quality to keep water bodies ecologically healthy and facilitate the sustainable development of Kenyir Lake. Water quality differs temporally and spatially and is affected by several factors. Typically, water quality inspection systems are cost- and labour-intensive d...

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Main Authors: Subramaniam P., Ahmed A.N., Fai C.M., Abdul Malek M., Kumar P., Huang Y.F., Sherif M., Elshafie A.
Other Authors: 57223344990
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Published: Cogent OA 2024
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-346852024-10-14T11:21:44Z Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index Subramaniam P. Ahmed A.N. Fai C.M. Abdul Malek M. Kumar P. Huang Y.F. Sherif M. Elshafie A. 57223344990 57214837520 57214146115 57221404206 57206939156 55807263900 7005414714 16068189400 cluster analysis discriminant analysis Kenyir Lake principal component analysis water quality It is critical to monitor water quality to keep water bodies ecologically healthy and facilitate the sustainable development of Kenyir Lake. Water quality differs temporally and spatially and is affected by several factors. Typically, water quality inspection systems are cost- and labour-intensive depending on water quality indicator count and sampling frequency. Optimising the frequency and location of water quality sampling is crucial. This study focused on collecting water samples from 22 locations in Kenyir Lake during different seasons (normal, dry, and wet). The study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations in the water quality of Kenyir Lake based on multivariate statistical methods. In this study, the following water quality parameters were selected for analysis: temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N). In addition, a water quality index was also calculated. GIS software was used to assess water quality data, and various multivariate statistical methods like cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed. The outcome shows minor spatial differences concerning Kenyir Lake however, the temporal variations were noteworthy during this study duration. Cluster analysis divided the locations into 3 clusters with TSS being key parameter affecting the spatial differences in water quality. Stepwise discriminant analysis based on three parameters, pH, temperature, and TSS, produced the associated classification matrix that correctly estimated 69.7% of the input. NH3-N and TSS were found to be the two critical aspects that affect water quality during dry, wet, or normal climatic conditions. � 2023 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. Final 2024-10-14T03:21:44Z 2024-10-14T03:21:44Z 2023 Article 10.1080/23311916.2023.2190490 2-s2.0-85150692153 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150692153&doi=10.1080%2f23311916.2023.2190490&partnerID=40&md5=5c220a92f8ecddd5f54a4b0c99264339 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/34685 10 1 2190490 All Open Access Gold Open Access Cogent OA Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic cluster analysis
discriminant analysis
Kenyir Lake
principal component analysis
water quality
spellingShingle cluster analysis
discriminant analysis
Kenyir Lake
principal component analysis
water quality
Subramaniam P.
Ahmed A.N.
Fai C.M.
Abdul Malek M.
Kumar P.
Huang Y.F.
Sherif M.
Elshafie A.
Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index
description It is critical to monitor water quality to keep water bodies ecologically healthy and facilitate the sustainable development of Kenyir Lake. Water quality differs temporally and spatially and is affected by several factors. Typically, water quality inspection systems are cost- and labour-intensive depending on water quality indicator count and sampling frequency. Optimising the frequency and location of water quality sampling is crucial. This study focused on collecting water samples from 22 locations in Kenyir Lake during different seasons (normal, dry, and wet). The study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations in the water quality of Kenyir Lake based on multivariate statistical methods. In this study, the following water quality parameters were selected for analysis: temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N). In addition, a water quality index was also calculated. GIS software was used to assess water quality data, and various multivariate statistical methods like cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed. The outcome shows minor spatial differences concerning Kenyir Lake
author2 57223344990
author_facet 57223344990
Subramaniam P.
Ahmed A.N.
Fai C.M.
Abdul Malek M.
Kumar P.
Huang Y.F.
Sherif M.
Elshafie A.
format Article
author Subramaniam P.
Ahmed A.N.
Fai C.M.
Abdul Malek M.
Kumar P.
Huang Y.F.
Sherif M.
Elshafie A.
author_sort Subramaniam P.
title Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index
title_short Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index
title_full Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index
title_fullStr Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index
title_full_unstemmed Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index
title_sort integrated gis and multivariate statistical approach for spatial and temporal variability analysis for lake water quality index
publisher Cogent OA
publishDate 2024
_version_ 1814061190445268992
score 13.209306