Water Content in Transformer Insulation System: A Review on the Detection and Quantification Methods

Water can be an irritant to a power transformer, as it is recognized as a major hazard to the operation of transformers. The water content of a transformer insulation system comprises the water in the transformer insulation oil and in the cellulose paper. The increase in the water content in the ins...

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Main Authors: Arsad S.R., Ker P.J., Jamaludin M.Z., Choong P.Y., Lee H.J., Thiviyanathan V.A., Yang Ghazali Y.Z.
Other Authors: 58299867900
Format: Review
Published: MDPI 2024
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-343112024-10-14T11:18:59Z Water Content in Transformer Insulation System: A Review on the Detection and Quantification Methods Arsad S.R. Ker P.J. Jamaludin M.Z. Choong P.Y. Lee H.J. Thiviyanathan V.A. Yang Ghazali Y.Z. 58299867900 37461740800 57216839721 57215427809 57190622221 57205077992 55336569600 energy insulation quantification methods transformer water detection Energy Insulation Methods Moisture Content Paper Review Systems Insulation Oil filled transformers Paper Detection and quantifications Detection methods Energy Insulation system Major hazards Quantification methods Transformer Transformer insulation Transformer insulation oil Water detection Power transformers Water can be an irritant to a power transformer, as it is recognized as a major hazard to the operation of transformers. The water content of a transformer insulation system comprises the water in the transformer insulation oil and in the cellulose paper. The increase in the water content in the insulation system leads to reduced breakdown voltage, accelerated aging of the oil�paper insulation system, and the possibility of producing bubbles at high temperatures. Therefore, various techniques have been applied to measure the water content in both oil and paper insulation. This article comprehensively reviews and analyzes the methods (technically or nontechnically) that have been used to monitor the water content in transformer insulation systems. Apart from discussing the advantages and major drawbacks of these methods, the accuracy, measurement time, and cost of each technique are also elucidated in this review. This review can be extremely useful to the utility in monitoring and maintaining the good condition of transformers. Based on the reviewed methods and their challenges, a few future research directions and prospects for determining the water content in transformer insulation systems are outlined, such as utilizing artificial intelligence and enhancing current techniques. � 2023 by the authors. Final 2024-10-14T03:18:59Z 2024-10-14T03:18:59Z 2023 Review 10.3390/en16041920 2-s2.0-85149182688 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149182688&doi=10.3390%2fen16041920&partnerID=40&md5=b04b863b0a049b383efb5483af5133ff https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/34311 16 4 1920 All Open Access Gold Open Access MDPI Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic energy
insulation
quantification methods
transformer
water detection
Energy
Insulation
Methods
Moisture Content
Paper
Review
Systems
Insulation
Oil filled transformers
Paper
Detection and quantifications
Detection methods
Energy
Insulation system
Major hazards
Quantification methods
Transformer
Transformer insulation
Transformer insulation oil
Water detection
Power transformers
spellingShingle energy
insulation
quantification methods
transformer
water detection
Energy
Insulation
Methods
Moisture Content
Paper
Review
Systems
Insulation
Oil filled transformers
Paper
Detection and quantifications
Detection methods
Energy
Insulation system
Major hazards
Quantification methods
Transformer
Transformer insulation
Transformer insulation oil
Water detection
Power transformers
Arsad S.R.
Ker P.J.
Jamaludin M.Z.
Choong P.Y.
Lee H.J.
Thiviyanathan V.A.
Yang Ghazali Y.Z.
Water Content in Transformer Insulation System: A Review on the Detection and Quantification Methods
description Water can be an irritant to a power transformer, as it is recognized as a major hazard to the operation of transformers. The water content of a transformer insulation system comprises the water in the transformer insulation oil and in the cellulose paper. The increase in the water content in the insulation system leads to reduced breakdown voltage, accelerated aging of the oil�paper insulation system, and the possibility of producing bubbles at high temperatures. Therefore, various techniques have been applied to measure the water content in both oil and paper insulation. This article comprehensively reviews and analyzes the methods (technically or nontechnically) that have been used to monitor the water content in transformer insulation systems. Apart from discussing the advantages and major drawbacks of these methods, the accuracy, measurement time, and cost of each technique are also elucidated in this review. This review can be extremely useful to the utility in monitoring and maintaining the good condition of transformers. Based on the reviewed methods and their challenges, a few future research directions and prospects for determining the water content in transformer insulation systems are outlined, such as utilizing artificial intelligence and enhancing current techniques. � 2023 by the authors.
author2 58299867900
author_facet 58299867900
Arsad S.R.
Ker P.J.
Jamaludin M.Z.
Choong P.Y.
Lee H.J.
Thiviyanathan V.A.
Yang Ghazali Y.Z.
format Review
author Arsad S.R.
Ker P.J.
Jamaludin M.Z.
Choong P.Y.
Lee H.J.
Thiviyanathan V.A.
Yang Ghazali Y.Z.
author_sort Arsad S.R.
title Water Content in Transformer Insulation System: A Review on the Detection and Quantification Methods
title_short Water Content in Transformer Insulation System: A Review on the Detection and Quantification Methods
title_full Water Content in Transformer Insulation System: A Review on the Detection and Quantification Methods
title_fullStr Water Content in Transformer Insulation System: A Review on the Detection and Quantification Methods
title_full_unstemmed Water Content in Transformer Insulation System: A Review on the Detection and Quantification Methods
title_sort water content in transformer insulation system: a review on the detection and quantification methods
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2024
_version_ 1814060089898696704
score 13.214268