Three-Dimensional Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Modelling of Liquid�Sediment Interaction at Coastline Region

• Main Authors: Zawawi M.H., Arizan M.A.B.M., Zahari N.M., Apalowo R.K., Abas A., Itam Z.
• Other Authors: 39162217600
• Format: Article
• Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2024
• Subjects: beach erosion; liquid�sediment interaction; particle image velocimetry; sediment transport; smooth particle hydrodynamics; wave breaker; Flow visualization; Froude number; Landforms; Two phase flow; Velocimeters; Velocity measurement; Water waves; Beach erosion; Breaking waves; Image velocimetry; Liquid�sediment interaction; Particle image velocimetry; Particle images; Slope angles; Smooth particle hydrodynamics; Wave breaker; Wave frequencies; breaking wave; fluid flow; hydrodynamics; slope angle; Sediment transport

The three-dimensional liquid�sediment system of a coastline was investigated using experimental and numerical approaches. A scaled-down model of the coastline was numerically studied using smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The flow dynamics and the impacts of the wave frequency and the seaward slope angle on the breaking wave characteristics of the two-phase liquid�sediment interaction were parametrically studied. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment was conducted to validate the SPH predictions. It was found that the flow profiles obtained by the PIV and SPH are in good agreement both qualitatively and quantitatively. The maximum velocity of the fluid flow was recorded as 0.5623 m/s in the SPH simulation, but as 0.5860 m/s in the PIV experimental, with a percentage difference of 4.21%. Subsequently, it was found that the breaking wave characteristic is surging at the wave frequency range of (Formula presented.) Hz, plunging at (Formula presented.) Hz, and spilling at (Formula presented.) Hz. It was also established that at a particular Froude number, it is observed that spilling, plunging, and surging wave breakers are produced at low, mid, and high seaward slope angles, respectively. Meanwhile, increasing the Froude number increases the tendency to produce spilling or plugging breaking waves, irrespective of the slope angle. Ultimately, this study has demonstrated the presented methodology�s usefulness in investigating coastlines� liquid�sediment interaction properties. � 2023 by the authors.