A review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production
Biodiesel; Catalysts; Effluents; Esterification; Esters; Fossil fuels; Transesterification; Acid catalyst; Alternative source; Base catalyst; Biodiesel production; Esterification reactions; Heterogeneous catalyst; Magnetic solids; Solid catalysts; Transesterification reaction; Transesterifications;...
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Elsevier Ltd
2023
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my.uniten.dspace-261742023-05-29T17:07:27Z A review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production Krishnan S.G. Pua F.-L. Zhang F. 57190370972 36024192100 56531001000 Biodiesel; Catalysts; Effluents; Esterification; Esters; Fossil fuels; Transesterification; Acid catalyst; Alternative source; Base catalyst; Biodiesel production; Esterification reactions; Heterogeneous catalyst; Magnetic solids; Solid catalysts; Transesterification reaction; Transesterifications; Magnetism; biofuel; byproduct; catalysis; catalyst; detection method; effluent; fossil assemblage; fossil fuel; purification; separation; wastewater; wastewater treatment Biodiesel is one of the most widely studied biofuels in the literature, which has a bright potential to serve as an alternative source for fossil fuel. Biodiesel is produced from transesterification or esterification reaction and usually requires a catalyst to enhance its product yield. The commercially available homogeneous catalyst generally faces several challenges, including difficulties in product separation, large volume of wastewater effluent discharged from the downstream purification process, and formation of undesirable soap by-product from the reaction between high FFA content feedstock and homogeneous base catalysts. As a result, the application of heterogeneous magnetic catalysts in biodiesel production has attracted many researchers attention due to its relatively simple catalyst separation and higher catalyst recovery rate at a shorter duration. Herein, this review focused on the preparation methods of heterogeneous magnetic acid and base catalysts as well as its effectiveness in biodiesel production. Besides, different synthesis methods of magnetic particles were reviewed as well. The reaction mechanism of heterogeneous catalysts in facilitating the formation of biodiesel via transesterification or esterification processes was also elucidated. For a more sustainable biodiesel industry, more research works are required to utilise waste materials as support for the synthesis of heterogeneous magnetic acid and base catalysts. � 2021 Elsevier Ltd Final 2023-05-29T09:07:27Z 2023-05-29T09:07:27Z 2021 Review 10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106099 2-s2.0-85105252101 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105252101&doi=10.1016%2fj.biombioe.2021.106099&partnerID=40&md5=76420772c537d81fb283996293c7c154 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/26174 149 106099 Elsevier Ltd Scopus |
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| description |
Biodiesel; Catalysts; Effluents; Esterification; Esters; Fossil fuels; Transesterification; Acid catalyst; Alternative source; Base catalyst; Biodiesel production; Esterification reactions; Heterogeneous catalyst; Magnetic solids; Solid catalysts; Transesterification reaction; Transesterifications; Magnetism; biofuel; byproduct; catalysis; catalyst; detection method; effluent; fossil assemblage; fossil fuel; purification; separation; wastewater; wastewater treatment |
| author2 |
57190370972 |
| author_facet |
57190370972 Krishnan S.G. Pua F.-L. Zhang F. |
| format |
Review |
| author |
Krishnan S.G. Pua F.-L. Zhang F. |
| spellingShingle |
Krishnan S.G. Pua F.-L. Zhang F. A review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production |
| author_sort |
Krishnan S.G. |
| title |
A review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production |
| title_short |
A review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production |
| title_full |
A review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production |
| title_fullStr |
A review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production |
| title_sort |
review of magnetic solid catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production |
| publisher |
Elsevier Ltd |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| _version_ |
1806427766299557888 |
| score |
13.214268 |