The copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and Henry gas solubility optimization
algorithm; copper; electrical conductivity; estimation method; machine learning; optimization; ore deposit; ore grade; porphyry; solubility; Iran; Kerman [Iran]
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2023
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my.uniten.dspace-258842023-05-29T17:05:25Z The copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and Henry gas solubility optimization Abbaszadeh M. Ehteram M. Ahmed A.N. Singh V.P. Elshafie A. 54419507900 57113510800 57214837520 57211219633 16068189400 algorithm; copper; electrical conductivity; estimation method; machine learning; optimization; ore deposit; ore grade; porphyry; solubility; Iran; Kerman [Iran] Copper is an essential material for electrical conductivity and is a good conductor for heat. The porphyry copper deposits (PCD) are one of the most important resources of copper, where the determination of copper grade is one of the most important issues. The finding complex relationship between copper grade and kind of rocks is a major change for modelers. This study employed the adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to estimate the copper grade in PCDs. The Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO), weed algorithm (WA), and moth flame optimization (MFO) were applied to set the parameters of the MLP and ANFIS models. The Iju PCD, as one of the important copper deposits in the Kerman province of Iran, was chosen as a case study for predicting the copper grade. Three scenarios were used as input to the models. The first scenario used the latitude and altitude of boreholes as input and the second scenario used the longitude and altitude of boreholes as input. The third scenario used the latitude, longitude, and altitude of boreholes as input. Results of the first scenario indicated that the percent bias of the ANFIS model was 0.26, while it was 0.19, 0.22, and 0.24 for the ANFIS-HGSO, ANFIS-MFO, and ANFIS-WA models. The accuracy of models indicated that the integration of ANFIS and HGSO decreased the root mean square error (RMSE)of the ANFIS-MFO, ANFIS-WA, and ANFIS models about 14%, 21%, and 27%, respectively, in the training phase in the second scenario. The RMSE for the ANFIS-HGSO was 1.98 in the training phase, while it was 2.31, 2.45, and 2.67 for the ANFIS-MFO, ANFIS-WA, and ANFIS models, respectively, in the third scenario. The accuracy of three input scenarios was compared with that of ANFIS-HSGO. The Mean absolute error of ANFIS-HSGO for the third input scenario was 67% and 40% less than for the first and second input scenarios in the testing phase. The third scenario was the best input scenario. Uncertainty analysis for all the models showed that the least value of uncertainty belonged to the ANFIS-HGSO. This study also used an inclusive multiple model to estimate copper grade based on providing a synergy among multiple models. The utilization of an inclusive multiple model based on the outputs of the hybrid and standalone ANFIS and MLP models could increase the accuracy of individual models. The inclusive multiple model and the comprehensive uncertainty analysis are the innovations of the current study. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Final 2023-05-29T09:05:25Z 2023-05-29T09:05:25Z 2021 Article 10.1007/s12145-021-00667-6 2-s2.0-85111730760 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111730760&doi=10.1007%2fs12145-021-00667-6&partnerID=40&md5=b32cd3500ac53ab933b303d421a05f29 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/25884 14 4 2049 2075 Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH Scopus |
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algorithm; copper; electrical conductivity; estimation method; machine learning; optimization; ore deposit; ore grade; porphyry; solubility; Iran; Kerman [Iran] |
| author2 |
54419507900 |
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54419507900 Abbaszadeh M. Ehteram M. Ahmed A.N. Singh V.P. Elshafie A. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Abbaszadeh M. Ehteram M. Ahmed A.N. Singh V.P. Elshafie A. |
| spellingShingle |
Abbaszadeh M. Ehteram M. Ahmed A.N. Singh V.P. Elshafie A. The copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and Henry gas solubility optimization |
| author_sort |
Abbaszadeh M. |
| title |
The copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and Henry gas solubility optimization |
| title_short |
The copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and Henry gas solubility optimization |
| title_full |
The copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and Henry gas solubility optimization |
| title_fullStr |
The copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and Henry gas solubility optimization |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and Henry gas solubility optimization |
| title_sort |
copper grade estimation of porphyry deposits using machine learning algorithms and henry gas solubility optimization |
| publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| _version_ |
1806427699486392320 |
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13.214268 |