TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION EMITTED BY STEPPED LEADERS OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH
Lightning emits electromagnetic waves at various frequency spectrum band. In this paper, we report observational study of microwave radiation emitted by lightning. The lightning measurement is conducted by using an air-gap parallel plate antenna that resonate at around 1 GHz with a bandwidth of 20 M...
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Penerbit Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
2023
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my.uniten.dspace-256132023-05-29T16:11:43Z TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION EMITTED BY STEPPED LEADERS OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH Baharin S.A.S. Ahmad M.R. Alkahtani A.A. Esa M.R.M. Sidik M.A.B. 57206727343 16021287600 55646765500 56563193100 6506871127 Lightning emits electromagnetic waves at various frequency spectrum band. In this paper, we report observational study of microwave radiation emitted by lightning. The lightning measurement is conducted by using an air-gap parallel plate antenna that resonate at around 1 GHz with a bandwidth of 20 MHz. The recorded microwave radiation waveform is analyzed based on the waveform of Fast E-field Antenna (FA). Although the stepped leader (SL) discharge process radiates well at microwave radiation, there is a higher microwave radiation preceded the stepped leader which is identified as Quiet Period, (QP). The average duration of QP is 3.707 �s while the average duration of SLs recorded is 2.883 �s. The percentage ratio of the peak amplitudes of the microwave bursts during QP is between 34.3% and 49.5% larger than the amplitude of the microwave bursts during SLs. Microwave radiation is seen to initiate the stepped leader process as the largest amplitudes of microwave burst is recorded during the QP. The characteristics of the microwave waveforms of SL and QP are observed to be oscillating individual pulses but the peak amplitudes of the microwave radiation bursts during the QP are larger than during SLs. � 2019 Final 2023-05-29T08:11:43Z 2023-05-29T08:11:43Z 2020 Article 2-s2.0-85129355141 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129355141&partnerID=40&md5=16372d27485c09b33d25b7b6d2d0c370 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/25613 14 2-Feb 223 234 Penerbit Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Scopus |
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Lightning emits electromagnetic waves at various frequency spectrum band. In this paper, we report observational study of microwave radiation emitted by lightning. The lightning measurement is conducted by using an air-gap parallel plate antenna that resonate at around 1 GHz with a bandwidth of 20 MHz. The recorded microwave radiation waveform is analyzed based on the waveform of Fast E-field Antenna (FA). Although the stepped leader (SL) discharge process radiates well at microwave radiation, there is a higher microwave radiation preceded the stepped leader which is identified as Quiet Period, (QP). The average duration of QP is 3.707 �s while the average duration of SLs recorded is 2.883 �s. The percentage ratio of the peak amplitudes of the microwave bursts during QP is between 34.3% and 49.5% larger than the amplitude of the microwave bursts during SLs. Microwave radiation is seen to initiate the stepped leader process as the largest amplitudes of microwave burst is recorded during the QP. The characteristics of the microwave waveforms of SL and QP are observed to be oscillating individual pulses but the peak amplitudes of the microwave radiation bursts during the QP are larger than during SLs. � 2019 |
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57206727343 Baharin S.A.S. Ahmad M.R. Alkahtani A.A. Esa M.R.M. Sidik M.A.B. |
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Baharin S.A.S. Ahmad M.R. Alkahtani A.A. Esa M.R.M. Sidik M.A.B. |
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Baharin S.A.S. Ahmad M.R. Alkahtani A.A. Esa M.R.M. Sidik M.A.B. TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION EMITTED BY STEPPED LEADERS OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH |
author_sort |
Baharin S.A.S. |
title |
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION EMITTED BY STEPPED LEADERS OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH |
title_short |
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION EMITTED BY STEPPED LEADERS OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH |
title_full |
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION EMITTED BY STEPPED LEADERS OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH |
title_fullStr |
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION EMITTED BY STEPPED LEADERS OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH |
title_full_unstemmed |
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION EMITTED BY STEPPED LEADERS OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH |
title_sort |
temporal analysis of microwave radiation emitted by stepped leaders of a cloud-to-ground flash |
publisher |
Penerbit Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka |
publishDate |
2023 |
_version_ |
1806428439064870912 |
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13.18916 |