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Cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in Malaysia

ecotoxicology; eutrophication; food market; food product; food production; life cycle analysis; probability; sustainability; water footprint; water pollution; Malaysia

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Main Authors: Bong P.X.H., Malek M.A., Mardi N.H., Hanafiah M.M.
Other Authors: 57205234212
Format: Article
Published: MDPI 2023
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-254032023-05-29T16:09:00Z Cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in Malaysia Bong P.X.H. Malek M.A. Mardi N.H. Hanafiah M.M. 57205234212 55636320055 57190171141 37033957900 ecotoxicology; eutrophication; food market; food product; food production; life cycle analysis; probability; sustainability; water footprint; water pollution; Malaysia Modern technology and life-style advancements have increased the demand for clean water. Based on this trend it is expected that our water resources will be under stress leading to a high probability of scarcity. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of selected traditional food manufacturing products namely: tempe, lemang, noodle laksam, fish crackers and salted fish in Malaysia. The cradle-to-gate approach on water footprint assessment (WFA) of these selected traditional food products was carried out usingWater Footprint Network (WFN) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Freshwater eutrophication (FEP), marine eutrophication (MEP), freshwater ecotoxicity (FETP), marine ecotoxicity (METP) and water consumption (WCP), LCA were investigated using ReCiPe 2016 methodology. Water footprint accounting of blue water footprint (WFblue), green water footprint (WFgreen) and grey water footprint (WFgrey) were established in this study. It was found that total water footprint for lemang production was highest at 3862.13 m3/ton. The lowest total water footprint was found to be fish cracker production at 135.88 m3/ton. Blue water scarcity (WSblue) and water pollution level (WPL) of these selected food products were also determined to identify the environmental hotspots. Results in this study showed that the WSblue and WPL of these selected food products did not exceed 1%, which is considered sustainable. Based on midpoint approach adopted in this study, the characterization factors for FEP, MEP, FETP, METP and WCP on these selected food products were evaluated. It is recommended that alternative ingredients or product processes be designed in order to produce more sustainable lemang. � 2020 by the authors. Final 2023-05-29T08:09:00Z 2023-05-29T08:09:00Z 2020 Article 10.3390/su12135274 2-s2.0-85088038071 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088038071&doi=10.3390%2fsu12135274&partnerID=40&md5=48f3a4e75732bfba8cf9b3bfc4be9121 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/25403 12 13 5274 All Open Access, Gold, Green MDPI Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
description ecotoxicology; eutrophication; food market; food product; food production; life cycle analysis; probability; sustainability; water footprint; water pollution; Malaysia
author2 57205234212
author_facet 57205234212
Bong P.X.H.
Malek M.A.
Mardi N.H.
Hanafiah M.M.
format Article
author Bong P.X.H.
Malek M.A.
Mardi N.H.
Hanafiah M.M.
spellingShingle Bong P.X.H.
Malek M.A.
Mardi N.H.
Hanafiah M.M.
Cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in Malaysia
author_sort Bong P.X.H.
title Cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in Malaysia
title_short Cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in Malaysia
title_full Cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in Malaysia
title_fullStr Cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in Malaysia
title_sort cradle-to-gate water-related impacts on production of traditional food products in malaysia
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2023
_version_ 1806428297616162816
score 13.188404

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