Lithium - ion cell design for plug - in hybrid and battery electric vehicles

• Main Author: Muhammad Syahmi Raziq Bin Ridzahudin
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: lithium - ion cell; Plug - in hybrid; Battery electric vehicles

Nowadays, the demands on the fossil fuels has rising higher from time to time. This is because of fossil fuels has been use as a main source of energy for generations to power industrials, residentials and countries. A lot of things that rely on the use of fossil fuels as energy source to fulfill daily basis such as transportation and electricity. The expectation of energy is going to be more in demands. This means the production must be stable and consistent to meet the demands. However, this kind of source of energy is non-renewable energy which means it will be depleted sooner. In addition, the use of fossil fuel has caused a lot of damage to environment and living things. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are some part of chemicals contained in the fossil fuels. This kind of chemicals are harmful to living’s respiratory system, ozone layers and widely known for the cause to acid rains. In order to improve these flaws, an action must be taken to reduce the cause and zero harmful to environment and living life. This can be done by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy and improvised technologies. Wind energy, geothermal energy, waves, tides and sunlight are some of types of source of energy. This kind of energies can be use repeatedly and does not runs out as it can be replenished. An improvised of technologies is needed too in order to improving environment and consistently to fulfill the demands. An improvised technology can be seen through the advancement in transportation industries. For centuries, transportation mainly use fossil fuels as their source of energy which has cause a lot of side effects to environment. Through the advancement in technologies, the car makers nowadays have been looking forward to replacing the gasoline fuels with battery electric vehicles. The awareness of using hybrid car has been widely known by consumers as it provides better performance, saving energy and eco-friendly. On this thesis, the improvising of hybrid transportations has been studied for better advancement in this technology, environment, demands and for future use.