Battery energy storage systems - based virtual power plant for energy demand reduction and ancillary services

• Main Author: Wan Syakirah Binti Wan Abdullah, Ir. Ts. Dr.
• Format: text::Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: Battery energy storage systems

Renewable Energy (RE) penetration to power system has been a trend in recent years. Malaysian Government in the new RE target to achieve 31% of RE in the energy mix by 2025. Flexibility and stability of power system can be a concern due to high penetration of RE in the system due to intermittency of RE resources such as solar. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has been identified as one of the possible solutions to mitigate this issue as BESS offers commercial benefits to customers in terms of energy demand reduction that can be a motivation for BESS installation. In Malaysia there is still a gap in terms of research for BESS installation especially in terms of economics and savings quantification for customers. This is a crucial element to be investigated to ensure bigger deployment and take up in the future. This analysis started with eight sites as a preliminary screen, and finally four sites namely the research centre, entertainment centre, airport and a university have been prioritised for economic analysis. Load profile of the four selected customers has been analysed to determine potential savings to customers and commercial viability of BESS installation. With the suitable sizing for the customers based on available budget, design of the BESS has been done. Technical analysis is done for one site to ensure BESS safe connection to customer’s grid and finally the integration of BESS to form a Virtual Power Plant (VPP). For economic analysis, excel based financial model is used. The suitable sizing of BESS is used to calculate the potential savings customers can enjoy based on available budget for each site. For technical analysis, one site which is the research centre, was chosen and analysis was carried out to ensure safe connection to the grid and customer system. DIgSILENT software has been used to evaluate and analyse the voltage stability when BESS is integrated to the research centre network in the base case, fault analysis was performed to ensure no violation for the worst case scenario and thus meeting all the network integration requirement for the utility. One of the customer is the research centre that can potentially generate savings up to RM 66,199 for peak reduction, and up to RM 153,878 if other services as a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) are considered in such as peak reduction for other facilities, Demand Response and Frequency Regulations. Quantification for other customers namely entertainment centre, airport and a university has also been calculated. This research is novel and very significant for Malaysia as this study will help greater deployment of this technology especially for commercial and industrial customers in Malaysia. The quantification of savings based on suitable sizing of BESS for each customer is very important to motivate greater deployment of this technology in the future.