Strategi penggantian disfemisme kepada eufemisme dalam komunikasi lisan masyarakat Bidayuh, Bau : Analisis Pragmatik = (Strategies for Replacing Dysphemism to Euphemism in Oral Communication of the Bidayuh, Bau Community: Pragmatics Analysis)

• Main Authors: Suzieyiana, Ritos, Muhammad Zaid, Daud
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Penerbit Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) 2020
• Subjects: H Social Sciences (General); HM Sociology; P Philology. Linguistics; PL Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
• Online Access: http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/29545/1/Suzieyiana.pdf; http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/29545/; https://journal.unisza.edu.my/apj/index.php/apj/article/view/153; https://doi.org/10.37231/apj.2020.3.1.153

Strategies in oral communication must be guided by politeness and purity in speaking, not in a state of anger, joking, or even engaging in taboo matters. Therefore, the use of euphemisms that refer to subtle conversations is applied in nature as a substitute for speech which is dysphemism, which is referred to rudeness in speech. Therefore, this study was done based on a strategy in the oral communication of the Bidayuh, Bau community in Sarawak, which is inseparable from the use of abusive language, but can still be replaced with more subtle speech. This study was carried out in Kampung Serasot, Bau, Sarawak and researchers found that there were five types of replacement of dysphemism to euphemism (based on the findings of this study only) has been obtained through oral communication of the Bidayuh community in Bau, Sarawak such as involving limbs, femininity, hygiene, language of diatribe and related to death. This study is in qualitative form. To obtain this data, the researcher using “in-depth interview” method from two informants. The informants were selected based on the NORF (for female informant) and NORM (for male informant) i.e. (1) informal must be a native population in the area; (2) low mobility, that is, informants do not often leave their original places; (3) informants must be aged 40 to 60 years and above; physical and spiritual health, including hearing aids; (5) the origin of the respondents must be cultivated from the place of study; (6) the ability of informants about their language and dialect well; (7) and the informants must also be born and grow in their place of birth. The application of Relevance Theory (RT) by Sperber and Wilson (1986, 1995) and Bridging Cross Reference (BCR) by Kempson (1986) was applied to analyse data. Therefore, it can be formulated that this assessment is able to provide a general description of the Bidayuh community in Bau, Sarawak which can be referred to as people who have a high language politeness in their daily communication. Keywords: Disfemisme, euphemisms, Bidayuh-Bau community, oral communication, pragmatics Abstrak: Strategi dalam komunikasi lisan haruslah berpandukan kesopanan dan kemurnian dalam berbicara tidak kiralah dalam keadaan marah, gurau senda mahupun melibatkan perkara yang bersifat tabu. Oleh itu, penggunaan eufemisme yang merujuk kepada percakapan halus sifatnya diaplikasikan sebagai penggantian ujaran bersifat disfemisme iaitu merujuk kepada kekasaran dalam berbicara. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan berpandukan strategi dalam komunikasi lisan masyarakat Bidayuh, Bau di Sarawak yang sememangnya tidak terlepas daripada penggunaan bahasa kasar, namun masih dapat digantikan dengan ujaran yang bersifat lebih halus. Kajian ini dijalankan di Kampung Serasot, Bau, Sarawak dan pengkaji mendapati bahawa sebanyak lima jenis penggantian disfemisme kepada eufemisme (berdasarkan dapatan kajian ini sahaja) telah diperoleh melalui komunikasi lisan masyarakat Bidayuh di Kampung Serasot, Bau, Sarawak seperti melibatkan anggota tubuh badan, hal kewanitaan, hal kebersihan, bahasa cacian dan berkaitan dengan kematian. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif sepenuhnya. Untuk memperoleh data ini pengkaji telah menemu bual secara mendalam sebanyak dua orang informal berdasarkan rumus NORF (bagi informan wanita) dan NORM (bagi informan lelaki) iaitu (1) informal mestilah penduduk asli di kawasan tersebut; (2) mobiliti rendah iaitu informan tidak sering keluar dari tempat asalnya; (3) informan mestilah berumur 40 ke 60 tahun dan ke atas; (4) sihat jasmani dan rohani, termasuklah alat pendengarannya; (5) asal usul responden harus diusahakan dari tempat yang diteliti; (6) kemampuan informan mengenai bahasa dan dialeknya dengan baik; (7) dan informan juga mestilah lahir dan membesar di tempat kelahiran mereka. Penerapan Teori Relevans (TR) oleh Sperber dan Wilson (1986) serta Rangka Rujuk Silang (RRS) oleh Kempson (1986) diaplikasikan. Oleh itu, dapat dirumuskan bahawa pengkajian sebegini mampu memberikan gambaran umum mengenai masyarakat Bidayuh di Bau, Sarawak yang dapat dirujuk sebagai masyarakat yang mempunyai kesantunan berbahasa yang tinggi dalam komunikasi harian mereka.