Studies on essential oils from several zingiber spp and alpinia spp and their biological activities

• Main Author: Siti Muhaini, Haris Fadzillah.
• Format: Final Year Project Report
• Language: English; English
• Published: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) 2006
• Subjects: QD Chemistry; QK Botany; QR Microbiology
• Online Access: http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20234/1/Muhaini%20%2824%20pages%29.pdf; http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20234/4/Siti%20Muhaini%28ft%29.pdf; http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20234/

The chemical composition of the essential oils of three species of Zingiber and five species of Alpinia were investigated. Extraction by hydrodistillation method yielded essential oils in range between 0.083.55%. The highest oil yield identified from the rhizome oils of Z. officinale (2.27%) and A. Iigulala (3.55%) for each genus. Identification of chemical components in essential oils by gas chromatographyl flame ion detector (GC/FID) revealed the presence of geranial (13.93%) as the major component in rhizome oil of Z. officinale while myrcene (19.67%), limonene (26.44%) and ethyl cyclohexanoate (6.84%) as major constituents in leaves, stem and rhizome oils of Zingiber sp. I respectively. Nerolidol (9.31 %) and ~-bourbonene (16.78%) were found as principal constituents in the leaves and stem oils of Zingiber sp. 2 respectively. For A. galanga, the major compositions identified were bicycogermacrene (40.03%) in the leaves oil and asaricin (34.86%) in the rhizome oil. Butyl isothiocyanate (16.14%), methyl laurate (18.285%) and a-zingiberene (36.69%) obtained from the essential oils of the leaves, stem and rhizome from A. glabra respectively. A. aqualica var.1 contained p-pinene (46.89%) in the leaves part whereas I3-caryophyllene alcohol (9.62%) was found as major component in both stem and rhizome oils. a-zingiberene (22.78%) and I3-caryophyllene (24.13%) were found as major components in the leaves and rhizome oil respectively from A. aqualica var. 2. ~elemene was found as principal constituent in all parts of A. Iigulala. Toxicity test revealed that the leaves oil from Zingiber sp. I and the rhizome oil from A. Iigulala gave the highest LCso value of 68.13 ~g!mL and 9.12 ~g!mL respectively.