Synthesis and Characterization of Triazine Derivatives and Their Bacteriostatic Evaluation

• Main Author: Nur Alia Syahilda, Zikri
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English; English; English
• Published: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2024
• Subjects: QD Chemistry
• Online Access: http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46398/3/Thesis%20Ms._Nur%20Alia%20Syahilda%20Zikri%20-restricted.pdf; http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46398/4/DowF_NUR%20ALIA%20SYAHILDA%20BINTI%20ZIKRI.pdf; http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46398/5/Restricted%20of%20Thesis%20for%20Graduation_Alia.pdf; http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46398/

Triazine is a heterocyclic compound with a nitrogen-rich ring structure, has gained attention for its unique reactivity and versatility, making it a valuable building block in organic synthesis and pharmacological applications through chemical modifications. In this study, three series of triazine derivatives 35a-e, 39a-g, and 42a-g bearing different pharmacophores have been successfully synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Triazinethione derivatives 35a-e were synthesized via Diels-Alder’s cyclization reaction between guanidine hydrochloride with various isothiocyanate intermediates derivatives, while precursor triazine-amine 39a-g were prepared by using cyanuric chloride via nucleophilic substitution with substituted aniline derivatives. The subsequent reaction of 39a-g with thiourea yielded triazine-bis(thiourea) 42a-g. The antibacterial activities of the series were evaluated against bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (S48/81) via the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Among all compound, compound 39d and 42d bearing fluoro exhibits strong antibacterial activities (p<0.01) against S. aureus with 10 mm and 10.5 mm which is comparable to the standard drug ampicillin 11.0 mm. The remaining compound 39a-g and 42a-g shows weak to moderate inhibition against both bacterial strains. Moreover, compound 42b-g showed better antibacterial properties against S. aureus but declined against E. coli. The enhanced antibacterial activities of the compound are attributed to the synergistic combination of a triazine ring, an amino aromatic group, and the thiourea functional group.