Smart battery charger system based on embedded microcontroller

• Main Author: Waleed Abdulrazzaq, Oraibi
• Other Authors: Dr. Abdal-Salam Taha Hussain
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2019
• Subjects: Battery chargers; Electronic control; Microcontrollers; Smart battery chargers; Battery chargers > Design and constructions
• Online Access: http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/61987

An efficient and embedded battery charger controller is the important part in the electrical charging and protection systems which used to charge the rechargeable batteries. Most of the chargers are not efficient, due to the way of their integration and charging monitoring process due to not availability of LCD to display the voltage and current status of the load and battery, as well as they do not provide a protection for the batteries against overcharging, discharging, high cost and inaccurate. The implementation of battery charger controller techniques on an embedded system application based solar panel is a new technique and very important aspect. So, the design is simulated by Proteus simulation software, and then prototype circuit is set up. The programing software in the design which was developed by Micro C language. The designed device consists of a charger circuit which performs charging, LCD to display the battery charging voltage level, load current / voltage, sensors to sense the load voltage and current as well as the battery instant voltage. The PIC16F877A Microcontroller was used as the main component to control and manage all charging and discharging events in the circuit as well as to provide protection of battery against over and under voltage level. The modeling of analog to digital converter (ADC) was used in the PIC to measure the voltage level of the battery and load voltage and current. The alarm LEDs fires on were used in this design for over load and over charging. The embedded battery charger controller was developed to be more intelligent based on suitable DC source and used to charge and control up to five batteries with different capacities. Each battery was individually controlled by a synchronization of two PICs microcontrollers and another PIC was used to control on the batteries temperature. All the three LCDs were used to indicate the batteries voltage, load voltage, load current and batteries temperature. The switching amplifier transistors were controlled by PICs via OR gates to control the operation of relays to protect the batteries against overcharging, discharging and the temperature that produced during the charging process. The alarm system circuit was designed and programmed in both of synchronized PICs to alarm when the overcurrent is occurred at the load. LEDs were also used for each battery in this circuit to indicate when each battery is fully charged. The efficiency of the circuit was 85%. As well as, the results were collected from the simulation and implementation of the circuit and plotted for explaining purpose. So, when the battery voltage is 12V the circuit cut off the charging process form the battery. In addition, when the over load is occurred, the circuit will alarm warning and cutoff the charging process.