Improved Maturity and Ripeness Classifications of Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis Mangoes through Sensor Fusion of an Electronic Nose and Acoustic Sensor
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my.unimap-254422013-07-23T07:44:40Z Improved Maturity and Ripeness Classifications of Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis Mangoes through Sensor Fusion of an Electronic Nose and Acoustic Sensor Ammar, Zakaria Ali Yeon, Md Shakaff, Prof. Dr. Maz Jamilah, Masnan Fathinul Syahir, Ahmad Saad Abdul Hamid, Adom, Prof. Dr. Mohd Noor, Ahmad, Prof. Dr. Mahmad Nor, Jaafar, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abu Hassan, Abdullah Latifah Munirah, Kamarudin ammarzakaria@unimap.edu.my Electronic nose Acoustic sensor Volatiles Mango ripeness classification Link to publisher’s homepage at http://www.mdpi.com In recent years, there have been a number of reported studies on the use of non-destructive techniques to evaluate and determine mango maturity and ripeness levels. However, most of these reported works were conducted using single-modality sensing systems, either using an electronic nose, acoustics or other non-destructive measurements. This paper presents the work on the classification of mangoes (Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis) maturity and ripeness levels using fusion of the data of an electronic nose and an acoustic sensor. Three groups of samples each from two different harvesting times (week 7 and week 8) were evaluated by the e-nose and then followed by the acoustic sensor. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were able to discriminate the mango harvested at week 7 and week 8 based solely on the aroma and volatile gases released from the mangoes. However, when six different groups of different maturity and ripeness levels were combined in one classification analysis, both PCA and LDA were unable to discriminate the age difference of the Harumanis mangoes. Instead of six different groups, only four were observed using the LDA, while PCA showed only two distinct groups. By applying a low level data fusion technique on the e-nose and acoustic data, the classification for maturity and ripeness levels using LDA was improved. However, no significant improvement was observed using PCA with data fusion technique. Further work using a hybrid LDA-Competitive Learning Neural Network was performed to validate the fusion technique and classify the samples. It was found that the LDA-CLNN was also improved significantly when data fusion was applied. 2013-05-14T04:38:34Z 2013-05-14T04:38:34Z 2012-05-10 Article Sensors, vol.12 (5), 2012, pages 6023-6048 1424-8220 http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/5/6023 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/25442 en MDPI AG |
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Electronic nose Acoustic sensor Volatiles Mango ripeness classification |
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Electronic nose Acoustic sensor Volatiles Mango ripeness classification Ammar, Zakaria Ali Yeon, Md Shakaff, Prof. Dr. Maz Jamilah, Masnan Fathinul Syahir, Ahmad Saad Abdul Hamid, Adom, Prof. Dr. Mohd Noor, Ahmad, Prof. Dr. Mahmad Nor, Jaafar, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abu Hassan, Abdullah Latifah Munirah, Kamarudin Improved Maturity and Ripeness Classifications of Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis Mangoes through Sensor Fusion of an Electronic Nose and Acoustic Sensor |
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Link to publisher’s homepage at http://www.mdpi.com |
| author2 |
ammarzakaria@unimap.edu.my |
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ammarzakaria@unimap.edu.my Ammar, Zakaria Ali Yeon, Md Shakaff, Prof. Dr. Maz Jamilah, Masnan Fathinul Syahir, Ahmad Saad Abdul Hamid, Adom, Prof. Dr. Mohd Noor, Ahmad, Prof. Dr. Mahmad Nor, Jaafar, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abu Hassan, Abdullah Latifah Munirah, Kamarudin |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Ammar, Zakaria Ali Yeon, Md Shakaff, Prof. Dr. Maz Jamilah, Masnan Fathinul Syahir, Ahmad Saad Abdul Hamid, Adom, Prof. Dr. Mohd Noor, Ahmad, Prof. Dr. Mahmad Nor, Jaafar, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abu Hassan, Abdullah Latifah Munirah, Kamarudin |
| author_sort |
Ammar, Zakaria |
| title |
Improved Maturity and Ripeness Classifications of Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis Mangoes through Sensor Fusion of an Electronic Nose and Acoustic Sensor |
| title_short |
Improved Maturity and Ripeness Classifications of Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis Mangoes through Sensor Fusion of an Electronic Nose and Acoustic Sensor |
| title_full |
Improved Maturity and Ripeness Classifications of Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis Mangoes through Sensor Fusion of an Electronic Nose and Acoustic Sensor |
| title_fullStr |
Improved Maturity and Ripeness Classifications of Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis Mangoes through Sensor Fusion of an Electronic Nose and Acoustic Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Improved Maturity and Ripeness Classifications of Magnifera Indica cv. Harumanis Mangoes through Sensor Fusion of an Electronic Nose and Acoustic Sensor |
| title_sort |
improved maturity and ripeness classifications of magnifera indica cv. harumanis mangoes through sensor fusion of an electronic nose and acoustic sensor |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://dspace.unimap.edu.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/25442 |
| _version_ |
1643794636228001792 |
| score |
13.219503 |