Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit
The study aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (gac) fruits. Fruit size varied, weighing 359.17 to 588.33g, with lengths of 11.10 to 13.92 cm and circumferences of 27.43 to 30.67 cm. Components included pulp (34.06 to 41.58%), seeds (23.11 to...
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my.ums.eprints.391742024-07-15T04:02:01Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39174/ Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman Amin Ismail Azrina Azlan Ahmad Fazli Abdul Aziz Mohd Desa Hassim5 and Nor Hayati Muhammad QK710-899 Plant physiology S583-587.73 Agricultural chemistry. Agricultural chemicals The study aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (gac) fruits. Fruit size varied, weighing 359.17 to 588.33g, with lengths of 11.10 to 13.92 cm and circumferences of 27.43 to 30.67 cm. Components included pulp (34.06 to 41.58%), seeds (23.11 to 29.70%), peel (16.65 to 20.60%), and aril (15.64 to 18.64%). Skin and aril colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) indicated maturity and carotenoid content. Aril had higher acidity (pH 5.54±0.02, titratable acidity [TA] 0.03 to 0.05g/L), total soluble solids (TSS, 11.57%±0.52 °Brix), and carbohydrates (55.6 g/100 g) than pulp (pH 5.65±0.02, TA 0.01 to 0.02g/L, TSS 4.90%±0.33 °Brix, carbohydrates 30.9 g/100 g). Peel contained most protein (6.2 g/100 g) and dietary fibre (56.9 to 58.1 g/100 g). Glucose and fructose were found in both pulp and aril. Potassium levels were highest in peel (817.59 mg/100 g), followed by pulp (658.20 mg/100 g) and aril (228.79 mg/100 g). Lycopene dominated carotenoids, especially in aril (31.7 to 103.7 mg/g). β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, and zeaxanthin were also present. β-carotene (2.9 to 9.6 mg/g) was second to lycopene, followed by astaxanthin (1.54 to 4.91 mg/g), lutein (0.16 to 1.35 mg/g), and zeaxanthin (0.35 to 1.49 mg/g), absent in pulp. These findings have implications for the food industry, offering insights into gac fruit’s nutritional potential. Malaysian gac exhibited superior nutritional content, with pulp and aril as notable sources of carbohydrates and minerals for consumption and aril as a promising source of healthy oils. UPM Press 2024 Article NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39174/1/ABSTRACT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39174/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman and Amin Ismail and Azrina Azlan and Ahmad Fazli Abdul Aziz and Mohd Desa Hassim5 and and Nor Hayati Muhammad (2024) Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit. Tropical Agricultural Science, 47. pp. 461-479. ISSN 1411-3701 https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.2.09 |
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QK710-899 Plant physiology S583-587.73 Agricultural chemistry. Agricultural chemicals Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman Amin Ismail Azrina Azlan Ahmad Fazli Abdul Aziz Mohd Desa Hassim5 and Nor Hayati Muhammad Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit |
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The study aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (gac) fruits. Fruit size varied, weighing 359.17 to 588.33g, with lengths of 11.10 to 13.92 cm and circumferences of 27.43 to 30.67 cm. Components included pulp (34.06 to 41.58%), seeds (23.11 to 29.70%), peel (16.65 to 20.60%), and aril (15.64 to 18.64%). Skin and aril colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) indicated maturity and carotenoid content. Aril had higher acidity (pH 5.54±0.02, titratable acidity [TA] 0.03 to 0.05g/L), total soluble solids (TSS, 11.57%±0.52 °Brix), and carbohydrates (55.6 g/100 g) than pulp (pH 5.65±0.02, TA 0.01 to 0.02g/L, TSS 4.90%±0.33 °Brix, carbohydrates 30.9 g/100 g). Peel contained most protein (6.2 g/100 g) and dietary fibre (56.9 to 58.1 g/100 g). Glucose and fructose were found in both pulp and aril. Potassium levels were highest in peel (817.59 mg/100 g), followed by pulp (658.20 mg/100 g) and aril (228.79 mg/100 g). Lycopene dominated carotenoids, especially in aril (31.7 to 103.7 mg/g). β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, and zeaxanthin were also present. β-carotene (2.9 to 9.6 mg/g) was second to lycopene, followed by astaxanthin (1.54 to 4.91 mg/g), lutein (0.16 to 1.35 mg/g), and zeaxanthin (0.35 to 1.49 mg/g), absent in pulp. These findings have implications for the food industry, offering insights into gac fruit’s nutritional potential. Malaysian gac exhibited superior nutritional content, with pulp and aril as notable sources of carbohydrates and minerals for consumption and aril as a promising source of healthy oils. |
format |
Article |
author |
Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman Amin Ismail Azrina Azlan Ahmad Fazli Abdul Aziz Mohd Desa Hassim5 and Nor Hayati Muhammad |
author_facet |
Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman Amin Ismail Azrina Azlan Ahmad Fazli Abdul Aziz Mohd Desa Hassim5 and Nor Hayati Muhammad |
author_sort |
Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman |
title |
Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit |
title_short |
Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit |
title_full |
Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit |
title_fullStr |
Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit |
title_full_unstemmed |
Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition, and Carotenoid Content of Momordica cochinchinensis L. Spreng (Gac) Fruit |
title_sort |
physicochemical properties, proximate composition, and carotenoid content of momordica cochinchinensis l. spreng (gac) fruit |
publisher |
UPM Press |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39174/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39174/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39174/ https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.2.09 |
_version_ |
1805887923985317888 |
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13.18916 |