Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia
Inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to contribute to the pathology of several chronic diseases including hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in blood) and atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of plant origin are needed as synthetic drugs, such as statins, which a...
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my.ums.eprints.188872024-01-31T07:02:25Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/18887/ Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia Shamala Salvamani Baskaran Gunasekaran Mohd Yunus Shukor Noor Azmi Shaharuddin Mohd Khalizan Sabullah Siti Aqlima Ahmad QH1-(199.5) General Including nature conservation, geographical distribution RC666-701 Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system Inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to contribute to the pathology of several chronic diseases including hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in blood) and atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of plant origin are needed as synthetic drugs, such as statins, which are known to cause adverse effects on the liver and muscles. Amaranthus viridis (A. viridis) has been used from ancient times for its supposedly medically beneficial properties. In the current study, different parts of A. viridis (leaf, stem, and seed) were evaluated for potential anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The putative HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of A. viridis extracts at different concentrations was determined spectrophotometrically by NADPH oxidation, using HMG-CoA as substrate. A. viridis leaf extract revealed the highest HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory effect at about 71%, with noncompetitive inhibition in Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. The leaf extract showed good inhibition of hydroperoxides, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and ferric ion radicals in various concentrations. A. viridis leaf extract was proven to be an effective inhibitor of hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase enzymes. The experimental data suggest that A. viridis leaf extract is a source of potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and may modulate cholesterol metabolism by inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/18887/1/ABSTRACT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/18887/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf Shamala Salvamani and Baskaran Gunasekaran and Mohd Yunus Shukor and Noor Azmi Shaharuddin and Mohd Khalizan Sabullah and Siti Aqlima Ahmad (2016) Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016 (809084). pp. 1-11. ISSN 1741-4288 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8090841 https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8090841 |
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QH1-(199.5) General Including nature conservation, geographical distribution RC666-701 Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system |
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QH1-(199.5) General Including nature conservation, geographical distribution RC666-701 Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system Shamala Salvamani Baskaran Gunasekaran Mohd Yunus Shukor Noor Azmi Shaharuddin Mohd Khalizan Sabullah Siti Aqlima Ahmad Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
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Inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to contribute to the pathology of several chronic diseases including hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in blood) and atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of plant origin are needed as synthetic drugs, such as statins, which are known to cause adverse effects on the liver and muscles. Amaranthus viridis (A. viridis) has been used from ancient times for its supposedly medically beneficial properties. In the current study, different parts of A. viridis (leaf, stem, and seed) were evaluated for potential anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The putative HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of A. viridis extracts at different concentrations was determined spectrophotometrically by NADPH oxidation, using HMG-CoA as substrate. A. viridis leaf extract revealed the highest HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory effect at about 71%, with noncompetitive inhibition in Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. The leaf extract showed good inhibition of hydroperoxides, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and ferric ion radicals in various concentrations. A. viridis leaf extract was proven to be an effective inhibitor of hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase enzymes. The experimental data suggest that A. viridis leaf extract is a source of potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and may modulate cholesterol metabolism by inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. |
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Article |
author |
Shamala Salvamani Baskaran Gunasekaran Mohd Yunus Shukor Noor Azmi Shaharuddin Mohd Khalizan Sabullah Siti Aqlima Ahmad |
author_facet |
Shamala Salvamani Baskaran Gunasekaran Mohd Yunus Shukor Noor Azmi Shaharuddin Mohd Khalizan Sabullah Siti Aqlima Ahmad |
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Shamala Salvamani |
title |
Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
title_short |
Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
title_full |
Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
title_fullStr |
Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
title_sort |
anti-hmg-coa reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
publisher |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/18887/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/18887/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/18887/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8090841 https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8090841 |
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13.160551 |