Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis for water and wastewater processing: Application of ladder type membrane spacers to impact solution concentration and fow dynamics

• Main Authors: Al-Amshawee, Sajjad Khudhur Abbas, Mohd Yusri, Mohd Yunus, Dakhil, Ihsan Habib
• Format: Article
• Language: English; English
• Published: Springer 2023
• Subjects: TP Chemical technology
• Online Access: http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/39963/1/ladder%E2%80%91type%20membrane%20spacers.pdf; http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/39963/7/Ion%20exchange%20membrane%20electrodialysis%20for%20water%20and%20wastewater%20processing.pdf; http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/39963/; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27940-z; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27940-z

Concentration polarization, which creates a thin boundary layer along the membranes in electrochemical reactors and electrodialysis-related processes, is one of the main issues. Membrane spacers provide swirling motion in the stream and distribute fuid toward the membrane, which efectively breaks th...