Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants
Poor characterisation of nanoparticle suspensions impedes the development of nanolubricants for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Chemical treatment techniques, such as surfactants, are inappropriate for enhancing the stability of nanolubricants intended for use in vapour-compressio...
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my.ump.umpir.382302023-09-05T06:43:06Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38230/ Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants Mohd Farid, Ismail Wan Azmi, Wan Hamzah Rizalman, Mamat Sharma, Korada Viswanatha Nurul Nadia, Mohd Zawawi T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Poor characterisation of nanoparticle suspensions impedes the development of nanolubricants for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Chemical treatment techniques, such as surfactants, are inappropriate for enhancing the stability of nanolubricants intended for use in vapour-compression refrigeration (VCR) systems. Prior to incorporating nanolubricants into the system, the stability of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in PVE was therefore investigated. The nanolubricants were prepared by a two-step method with the aid of an ultrasonication bath homogeniser. Visual observation and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometric analysis were used, and zeta potential analysis was then performed to confirm the nanolubricants’ stability condition. The TiO2/PVE nanolubricant was observed to be maintained at a 95% concentration ratio for up to 30 days of evaluation. The TiO2/PVE, SiO2/PVE, and SiO2-TiO2/PVE exhibited zeta potential values of 203.1 mV, 224.2 mV, and 105.3 mV, respectively, after 7 h of sonication. A high absolute value of zeta potential indicates that the electrostatic repulsive forces between nanoparticles are exceptionally strong, indicating an excellent stable suspension. The high values of zeta potentials validated the excellent stability conditions determined by UV–Vis analysis and visual observation. It can be concluded that ultrasonication times of 7 h produced the most stable state for mono- and hybrid nanolubricants. MDPI 2023-01 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38230/1/Stability%20assessment%20of%20polyvinyl-ether-based%20TiO2%2C%20SiO2%2C%20and%20their%20hybrid%20nanolubricants.pdf Mohd Farid, Ismail and Wan Azmi, Wan Hamzah and Rizalman, Mamat and Sharma, Korada Viswanatha and Nurul Nadia, Mohd Zawawi (2023) Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants. Lubricants, 11 (23). pp. 1-17. ISSN 2075-4442 (Online). (Published) https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010023 https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010023 |
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T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Mohd Farid, Ismail Wan Azmi, Wan Hamzah Rizalman, Mamat Sharma, Korada Viswanatha Nurul Nadia, Mohd Zawawi Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants |
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Poor characterisation of nanoparticle suspensions impedes the development of nanolubricants for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Chemical treatment techniques, such as surfactants, are inappropriate for enhancing the stability of nanolubricants intended for use in vapour-compression refrigeration (VCR) systems. Prior to incorporating nanolubricants into the system, the stability of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in PVE was therefore investigated. The nanolubricants were prepared by a two-step method with the aid of an ultrasonication bath homogeniser. Visual observation and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometric analysis were used, and zeta potential analysis was then performed to confirm the nanolubricants’ stability condition. The TiO2/PVE nanolubricant was observed to be maintained at a 95% concentration ratio for up to 30 days of evaluation. The TiO2/PVE, SiO2/PVE, and SiO2-TiO2/PVE exhibited zeta potential values of 203.1 mV, 224.2 mV, and 105.3 mV, respectively, after 7 h of sonication. A high absolute value of zeta potential indicates that the electrostatic repulsive forces between nanoparticles are exceptionally strong, indicating an excellent stable suspension. The high values of zeta potentials validated the excellent stability conditions determined by UV–Vis analysis and visual observation. It can be concluded that ultrasonication times of 7 h produced the most stable state for mono- and hybrid nanolubricants. |
format |
Article |
author |
Mohd Farid, Ismail Wan Azmi, Wan Hamzah Rizalman, Mamat Sharma, Korada Viswanatha Nurul Nadia, Mohd Zawawi |
author_facet |
Mohd Farid, Ismail Wan Azmi, Wan Hamzah Rizalman, Mamat Sharma, Korada Viswanatha Nurul Nadia, Mohd Zawawi |
author_sort |
Mohd Farid, Ismail |
title |
Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants |
title_short |
Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants |
title_full |
Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants |
title_fullStr |
Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based TiO2, SiO2 and their hybrid nanolubricants |
title_sort |
stability assessment of polyvinyl-ether-based tio2, sio2 and their hybrid nanolubricants |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38230/1/Stability%20assessment%20of%20polyvinyl-ether-based%20TiO2%2C%20SiO2%2C%20and%20their%20hybrid%20nanolubricants.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38230/ https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010023 https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010023 |
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1776247229999218688 |
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13.160551 |