Temperature controlled microwave closed system for extraction of bioactive compound from Epiphyte's fern

• Main Author: Faridah, Kormin
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: QD Chemistry
• Online Access: http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/37231/1/Temperature%20controlled%20microwave%20closed%20system%20for%20extraction%20of%20bioactive%20compound%20from%20Epiphyte%27s%20fern.pdf; http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/37231/

In the current work, a temperature controlled microwave closed system (TCMCS) equipped with fluid sealed stirring device was developed to increase the extraction efficiency of bioactive compound from Malaysian palm oil trunk epiphytes fern (MPOTEF). The TCMCS was calibrated with distilled water using the calorimetric method after modification, and the results show power absorbance performance of each microwave power level were much closer to the actual microwave power. In addition, the fluid seal stirring system was found as an important factor to increase uniformity of absorption of electromagnetic energy in the water which reflects to TCMCS efficiency based on % microwave power absorbance and standardized coefficient (ß) regression analysis results. The study on the influence of solvents on TCMCS showed that the solubility of the solvent to the antioxidant properties and the ability of the solvent to absorb microwave energy played important role in TCMCS extraction efficiency. TCMAE method combined with statistical design mixtures showed that quaternary mixtures with approximately equal proportions of all four solvents (water, acetone, acetonitrile and ethanol) provided the highest result of antioxidant properties followed by ternary design mixtures and single solvent. But in terms of individual result, water was shown extraordinary results among the single and solvent combination. The application of TCMCS in various extraction parameters (extraction temperature, microwave power and extraction time) on antioxidant properties, physicochemical studies and plant tissue microstructure of Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott frond (NBF) extract was concluded that, an increase in surface roughness of plant tissue attributed in high antioxidant property's recovery and significant diffusion coefficient through the solid matrix which was observed by physicochemical analysis results. The outcome of standardized coefficient (ß) by statistical regression analysis was showing that the extraction temperature is the most important factor as compared to microwave power and extraction time. There are two problems has been overcome in the extraction of plant material using TCMCS: that of releasing the bioactive compounds from the solid matrix with respect to solvent nature under controlled temperature to avoid degradation of sensitive compound and the fluid seal stirring system resulting from uniform heating to avoid supper heating effects.