Enhanced biodiesel production via esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using rice husk ash (NiSO4)/SiO2 catalyst

• Main Authors: Nurul Hajar, Embong, Noor, Hindryawati, Bhuyar, Prakash, Govindan, Natanamurugaraj, Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim, Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
• Subjects: QR Microbiology
• Online Access: http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34039/7/Enhanced%20biodiesel%20production%20via%20esterifcation.pdf; http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34039/; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-01922-4; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-01922-4

Waste or low-cost feedstock utilization for preparing renewable energy is a noble effort towards a greener environment. In this work, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), which is usually transacted at a concession rate versus crude palm oil, is esterified to methyl esters. Conventional catalysts are...