Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics
Imprecise control of fluid flows in paper-based devices is a major challenge in pushing the innovations in this area towards societal implementation. Assays on paper tend to have low reaction yield and reproducibility issues that lead to poor sensitivity and detection limits. Understanding and address...
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Royal Society of Chemistry
2021
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Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32999/1/authorreprints%20-%20Hamidon%20et%20al%2C%202021%20-%20Enhanced%20passive%20mixing%20for%20paper%20micro%EF%AC%82uidics.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32999/ https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04916J https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04916J |
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my.ump.umpir.329992022-01-27T08:45:43Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32999/ Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics Nurul Nadiah, Hamidon Salentijn, Gert IJ Verpoorte, Elisabeth Q Science (General) QD Chemistry Imprecise control of fluid flows in paper-based devices is a major challenge in pushing the innovations in this area towards societal implementation. Assays on paper tend to have low reaction yield and reproducibility issues that lead to poor sensitivity and detection limits. Understanding and addressing these issues is key to improving the performance of paper-based devices. In this work, we use colorimetric analysis to observe the mixing behaviour of molecules from two parallel flow streams in unobstructed (on unpatterned paper) and constricted flow (through the gap of a patterned hourglass structure). The model system used for characterization of mixing involved the reaction of Fe 3+ with SCN À to form the coloured, soluble complex Fe(SCN)2+ . At all tested concentrations (equal concentrations of 50.0 mM, 25.0 mM or 12.5 mM for KSCN and FeCl 3 in each experiment), the reaction yield increases (higher colorimetric signal) and better mixing is obtained (lower relative standard deviation) as the gap of the flow constriction becomes smaller (4.69–0.32 mm). This indicates enhanced passive mixing of reagents. A transition window of gap widths exhibiting no mixing enhancement (about 2 mm) to gap widths exhibiting complete mixing (0.5 mm) is defined. The implementation of gap sizes that are smaller than 0.5 mm (below the transition window) for passive mixing is suggested as a good strategy to obtain complete mixing and reproducible reaction yields on paper. In addition, the hourglass structure was used to define the ratio of reagents to be mixed (2 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 HCl–NaOH) by simply varying the width ratio of the input channels of the paper. This allows easy adaptation of the device to reaction stoichiometry. Royal Society of Chemistry 2021 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32999/1/authorreprints%20-%20Hamidon%20et%20al%2C%202021%20-%20Enhanced%20passive%20mixing%20for%20paper%20micro%EF%AC%82uidics.pdf Nurul Nadiah, Hamidon and Salentijn, Gert IJ and Verpoorte, Elisabeth (2021) Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics. RSC Advances, 11 (41). pp. 25677-25685. ISSN 2046-2069 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04916J https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04916J |
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Q Science (General) QD Chemistry Nurul Nadiah, Hamidon Salentijn, Gert IJ Verpoorte, Elisabeth Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics |
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Imprecise control of fluid flows in paper-based devices is a major challenge in pushing the innovations in this area towards societal implementation. Assays on paper tend to have low reaction yield and reproducibility issues that lead to poor sensitivity and detection limits. Understanding and addressing these issues is key to improving the performance of paper-based devices. In this work, we use colorimetric analysis to observe the mixing behaviour of molecules from two parallel flow streams in unobstructed (on unpatterned paper) and constricted flow (through the gap of a patterned hourglass structure). The model system used for characterization of mixing involved the reaction of Fe 3+ with SCN À to form the coloured, soluble complex Fe(SCN)2+ . At all tested concentrations (equal concentrations of 50.0 mM, 25.0 mM or 12.5 mM for KSCN and FeCl 3 in each experiment), the reaction yield increases (higher colorimetric signal) and better mixing is obtained (lower relative standard deviation) as the gap of the flow constriction becomes smaller (4.69–0.32 mm). This indicates enhanced passive mixing of reagents. A transition window of gap widths exhibiting no mixing enhancement (about 2 mm) to gap widths exhibiting complete mixing (0.5 mm) is defined. The implementation of gap sizes that are smaller than 0.5 mm (below the transition window) for passive mixing is suggested as a good strategy to obtain complete mixing and reproducible reaction yields on paper. In addition, the hourglass structure was used to define the ratio of reagents to be mixed (2 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 HCl–NaOH) by simply varying the width ratio of the input channels of the paper. This allows easy adaptation of the device to reaction stoichiometry. |
format |
Article |
author |
Nurul Nadiah, Hamidon Salentijn, Gert IJ Verpoorte, Elisabeth |
author_facet |
Nurul Nadiah, Hamidon Salentijn, Gert IJ Verpoorte, Elisabeth |
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Nurul Nadiah, Hamidon |
title |
Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics |
title_short |
Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics |
title_full |
Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics |
title_sort |
enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics |
publisher |
Royal Society of Chemistry |
publishDate |
2021 |
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http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32999/1/authorreprints%20-%20Hamidon%20et%20al%2C%202021%20-%20Enhanced%20passive%20mixing%20for%20paper%20micro%EF%AC%82uidics.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32999/ https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04916J https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04916J |
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