Recent 3D and 4D intelligent printing technologies: A comparative review and future perspective

• Main Authors: Ma, Quanjin, Rejab, M. R. M., Idris, Mat Sahat, Manoj Kumar, Nallapaneni, Abdullah, M. H., Reddy, Guduru Ramakrishna
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2020
• Subjects: TS Manufactures
• Online Access: http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30083/1/Recent%203D%20and%204D%20intelligent%20printing%20technologies.pdf; http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30083/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.434

Additive manufacturing (AM) is generally recognized as three-dimensional (3D) printing or raPID prototyping, which has evolved raPIDly in numerous applications. In recent years, a new term has emerged as four-dimensional (4D) printing, which utilizes additive manufacturing methods to print stimulus-...