Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction

Gaharu or Agarwood is a resinous wood from aquilaria species, naturally grown in tropical forest. It is of high demand from various industries for it contains therapheutical essential oil commonly used in cosmetic industry, religious ceremony and traditional medicine. Due to its high demand and scar...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Zuraidah, Mohd Ali
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/1969/1/Development%20of%20pretreatment%20techniques%20for%20high%20productivity%20gaharu%20extraction.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/1969/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.ump.umpir.1969
record_format eprints
spelling my.ump.umpir.19692023-07-12T08:19:42Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/1969/ Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction Zuraidah, Mohd Ali TP Chemical technology Gaharu or Agarwood is a resinous wood from aquilaria species, naturally grown in tropical forest. It is of high demand from various industries for it contains therapheutical essential oil commonly used in cosmetic industry, religious ceremony and traditional medicine. Due to its high demand and scarce in the forest, gaharu oil is highly priced. As of early 2010, gaharu oil in Malaysia is valued at RM420 per tola (12g). Hence, it is of great importance for an efficient method of extracting the oil to be developed. The conventional method of extraction currently practiced in the industry requires very long hours and produces low oil yield. The present study focused on developing pretreatment steps of conditioning the gaharu wood prior to extraction in order to enhance the extraction process. Preliminary experimental work showed that all pretreatment methods of gaharu wood examined in the study strongly influenced the oil yield during extraction. Four types of pretreatment methods were examined, namely soaking (typically used in industry), ultrasonication, enzymatic and combination of ultrasonication and enzymatic. From the study, combination of ultrasonication and enzymatic pretreatment method was found to give the highest oil yield (0.1232%), followed by ultrasonication (0.1134%), enzymatic (0.1088%) and soaking (0.0734%) respectively. In comparison to untreated sample, an improvement of 53.57% was achieved in the extraction of sample pretreated with combination of ultrasound and enzymatic. On the other hand, soaking technique improved the oil yield by 28.32%. In general, hydro distillation performed better than steam distillation for extraction of gaharu oil, with extraction yield increased up to 35% due to the fact that hydro distillation provides continuous water phase within the solid structure as compared to steam distillation where not all solid surfaces are in contact with the passing steam. At optimum operating conditions, the highest oil yield from combination of ultrasonic and enzymatic pretreatment method was 0.1692%, at 9 hours pretreatment time, 1:16w/v of sample to water ratio and 1.5:100v/w of enzyme to substrate ratio. Calculation of extraction rate constant (Ko) showed that Ko for the combination of ultrasonic and enzymatic pretreated sample was greater than the value for the conventional (soaking) pretreated sample, with value of 0.45 and 0.25 respectively. The increased of Ko value indicates greater driving force of mass transfer at the solid-liquid interface. 2010-07 Thesis NonPeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/1969/1/Development%20of%20pretreatment%20techniques%20for%20high%20productivity%20gaharu%20extraction.pdf Zuraidah, Mohd Ali (2010) Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (Contributors, Thesis advisor: Mohd Yunus, Rosli).
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building UMP Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Pahang
content_source UMP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://umpir.ump.edu.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Zuraidah, Mohd Ali
Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction
description Gaharu or Agarwood is a resinous wood from aquilaria species, naturally grown in tropical forest. It is of high demand from various industries for it contains therapheutical essential oil commonly used in cosmetic industry, religious ceremony and traditional medicine. Due to its high demand and scarce in the forest, gaharu oil is highly priced. As of early 2010, gaharu oil in Malaysia is valued at RM420 per tola (12g). Hence, it is of great importance for an efficient method of extracting the oil to be developed. The conventional method of extraction currently practiced in the industry requires very long hours and produces low oil yield. The present study focused on developing pretreatment steps of conditioning the gaharu wood prior to extraction in order to enhance the extraction process. Preliminary experimental work showed that all pretreatment methods of gaharu wood examined in the study strongly influenced the oil yield during extraction. Four types of pretreatment methods were examined, namely soaking (typically used in industry), ultrasonication, enzymatic and combination of ultrasonication and enzymatic. From the study, combination of ultrasonication and enzymatic pretreatment method was found to give the highest oil yield (0.1232%), followed by ultrasonication (0.1134%), enzymatic (0.1088%) and soaking (0.0734%) respectively. In comparison to untreated sample, an improvement of 53.57% was achieved in the extraction of sample pretreated with combination of ultrasound and enzymatic. On the other hand, soaking technique improved the oil yield by 28.32%. In general, hydro distillation performed better than steam distillation for extraction of gaharu oil, with extraction yield increased up to 35% due to the fact that hydro distillation provides continuous water phase within the solid structure as compared to steam distillation where not all solid surfaces are in contact with the passing steam. At optimum operating conditions, the highest oil yield from combination of ultrasonic and enzymatic pretreatment method was 0.1692%, at 9 hours pretreatment time, 1:16w/v of sample to water ratio and 1.5:100v/w of enzyme to substrate ratio. Calculation of extraction rate constant (Ko) showed that Ko for the combination of ultrasonic and enzymatic pretreated sample was greater than the value for the conventional (soaking) pretreated sample, with value of 0.45 and 0.25 respectively. The increased of Ko value indicates greater driving force of mass transfer at the solid-liquid interface.
format Thesis
author Zuraidah, Mohd Ali
author_facet Zuraidah, Mohd Ali
author_sort Zuraidah, Mohd Ali
title Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction
title_short Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction
title_full Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction
title_fullStr Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction
title_full_unstemmed Development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction
title_sort development of pretreatment techniques for high productivity gaharu extraction
publishDate 2010
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/1969/1/Development%20of%20pretreatment%20techniques%20for%20high%20productivity%20gaharu%20extraction.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/1969/
_version_ 1772811310478655488
score 13.211869