Evaluation of hibiscus esculentus (okra) gum as a natural binder in sustained release tablets of propranolol hydrochloride / Nurul Dhania Zaharuddin
The application of natural polysaccharides obtained from plant mucilages as an excipient has proven to be effective in pharmaceutical dosage forms having various characteristics that contribute to different functions in the drug delivery system. In this study, okra gum which was extracted from th...
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Format: | Thesis |
Published: |
2015
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Online Access: | http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7069/1/Thesis_Nurul_Dhania_Zaharuddin_(2015).pdf http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7069/ |
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Summary: | The application of natural polysaccharides obtained from plant mucilages as an
excipient has proven to be effective in pharmaceutical dosage forms having various
characteristics that contribute to different functions in the drug delivery system. In this
study, okra gum which was extracted from the pods of Hibiscus esculentus was
evaluated on its application as a natural binder in the development of sustained release
tablets of propranolol hydrochloride, an antihypertensive drug. Unripe Hibiscus
esculentus fruits were obtained freshly from the local market, sliced and soaked
immediately in distilled water and filtered to extract out the mucilage, precipitated
using acetone as a drying agent, further dried in a desiccator and grounded and sieved
to produce okra powder. Its physical characterization such as solubility, pH, moisture
content and viscosity were studied. Its nature and morphology were observed using XRay
Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
(FESEM). Its thermal characteristics were determined using Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC) and its infrared spectrum had been developed using Fourier
Transform Infra-red (FTIR). Okra powder was then used as a binder and retarding
polymer and sodium bicarbonate was used as an effervescent agent to produce floating
sustained release tablets of propranolol hydrochloride. Seven formulations (F1-F7)
were finalized and the best formulation (F5) of floating sustained release tablet that
made up consistent and smoothest release pattern throughout the 24 hours was
identified. These floating sustained release tablets were developed to create a uniform
drug therapy that is specifically released in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract. Its
floating behavior shows that tablet was able to float successfully throughout the whole
24 hours and more. In vitro dissolution profile studies indicated that okra gum was able
to control drug release by retarding its release in a moderate and consistent manner up
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to 24 hours. Tablet was also compared to the commercial conventional propranolol
immediate release tablet and it was found that propranolol sustained release tablet
could release drug at a moderate rate throughout the prolonged duration as compared
to the conventional propranolol tablet that was completely released within the first 15
minutes. The swelling index study shows that higher amount of okra in tablets causes
higher swelling index. Its tensile strength was evaluated by conducting hardness and
friability tests. Results indicate that tablets with higher okra concentration increases the
hardness of tablets and decrease its friability. This explains that okra is able to improve
the durability and strength of tablets. Hence, okra gum was affirmed as an effective
binder to produce favourable propranolol hydrochloride sustained release tablets. |
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