Vaccine for diabetes-where do we stand?

• Main Authors: Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar, Bhandare, Richie R., Shaik, Afzal B., Prasad, Krishna, Suhaimi, Nurfatihah Azlyna Ahmad, Yap, Wei Sheng, Das, Arpita, Banerjee, Pradipta, Ghosh, Nandini, Guith, Tanner, Das, Amitava, Balakrishnan, Sarannya, Candasamy, Mayuren, Mayuren, Jayashree, Palaniveloo, Kishneth, Gupta, Gaurav, Singh, Sachin Kumar, Dua, Kamal
• Format: Article
• Published: MDPI 2022
• Subjects: R Medicine (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/46268/; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169470

Diabetes is an endocrinological disorder with a rapidly increasing number of patients globally. Over the last few years, the alarming status of diabetes has become a pivotal factor pertaining to morbidity and mortality among the youth as well as middle-aged people. Current developments in our understanding related to autoimmune responses leading to diabetes have developed a cause for concern in the prospective usage of immunomodulatory agents to prevent diabetes. The mechanism of action of vaccines varies greatly, such as removing autoreactive T cells and inhibiting the interactions between immune cells. Currently, most developed diabetes vaccines have been tested in animal models, while only a few human trials have been completed with positive outcomes. In this review, we investigate the undergoing clinical trial studies for the development of a prototype diabetes vaccine.