Keystones of green smart city-framework, e-waste, and their impact on the environment-a review

• Main Authors: Pershaanaa, M., Bashir, Shahid, Kumar, Sachin Sharma Ashok, Ramesh, Subramaniam, Ramesh, Kasi
• Format: Article
• Published: Springer Verlag (Germany) 2024
• Subjects: Q Science (General); QC Physics
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/45946/; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-023-05349-5

Current urbanization has urged the world to adopt digital transformation and concurrently to have a balanced ecology to optimize the efficiency of urban services without affecting the environment. With that development of the green smart city arose howbeit, it is predicted that e-waste generation particularly energy storage devices (ESDs) would spike consequently. This is because ESDs are the backbone of most electronics and IoT-based equipment. Other literature published often focuses on smart e-waste management which results in better organization of the e-waste without reducing them. Thus, in this paper, a comprehensive review on minimization of e-waste generation is targeted through the deployment of green and recyclable ESDs. In this paper, the usage of recyclable or/and waste-derived active materials is recommended to replace the current active materials of ESDs through the utilization of a waste-to-resource strategy. As a result, the ESDs produced could extend the lifespan of the device and, without help, lessen the incorporation of heavy metals compromising its performance.