Galerkin finite element analysis of buoyancy-driven heat transfer of Water-Based CU-AL(2)O(3) hybrid nanofluid inside a U-shaped enclosure with localized heat

• Main Authors: Asmadi, M. S., Md. Kasmani, Ruhaila, Siri, Z., Saleh, H.
• Format: Article
• Published: Begell House Inc 2022
• Subjects: TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General); TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/43084/

The effect of localized heat on the buoyancy-driven heat transfer of copper-alumina/water hybrid nanofluid inside a U-shaped cavity is presented in this paper. Various lengths and positions of the heating wall are used to explore its effect on the heat transfer rate within the chosen enclosure. The physical model is represented by a set of dimensionless governing equations consisting of continuity, momentum, and energy equations. A three-node triangular finite element method employing Galerkin weighted residual algorithm is applied to the problem alongside a damped Newton-Raphson algorithm to ensure the convergence of the solutions. An extensive mesh dependency test is conducted as well as numerical and experimental validation to increase the confidence in the numerical formulation. The local and average Nusselt numbers are used to gauge the heat transfer rate and its efficiency. To visualize the fluid and heat behavior inside the enclosure, the streamlines and isotherms for each variation of heating length and position are presented in this article for fluid flow with Rayleigh number of 10(4) to 10(6) and nanoparticle volume fraction of 0 to 0.1.