Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have drawn more interest from pharmaceutical scientists because they could provide steady blood levels and prevent the first-pass metabolism over a longer period. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been widely used in this application due to its biocompatibility, no...
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my.um.eprints.353232022-10-14T05:05:15Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/35323/ Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies Sa'adon, Shafizah Ansari, Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Abd Razak, Saiful Izwan Yusof, Abdul Halim Mohd Faudzi, Ahmad Athif Mohd Sagadevan, Suresh Nayan, Nadirul Hasraf Mat Anand, Joseph Sahaya Amin, Khairul Anuar Mat R Medicine RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology RS Pharmacy and materia medica Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have drawn more interest from pharmaceutical scientists because they could provide steady blood levels and prevent the first-pass metabolism over a longer period. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been widely used in this application due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, nanofiber and hydrogel-forming ability. Despite those benefits, their morphology would easily be destroyed by continuous water absorption and contribute to burst drug release due to its hydrophilicity. The aim of this study was to prepare the diclofenac sodium (DS)-medicated dual layer PVA patch using a combination of electrospinning and cryogelation (freeze-thaw) methods to improve the physicochemical properties and drug compatibility and investigate the release of the DS-medicated dual layer PVA patch. Morphological observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified the polymer-polymer interaction between both layers, whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has demonstrated the compatibility of DS in PVA matrix up to 2% w/v of PVA volume. The DS loads were found amorphously distributed efficaciously in PVA matrix as no visible spectra of DS-PVA interaction were detected. The DS-medicated dual layer PVA patch with a thicker nanofiber layer (3-milliliter running volume), three freeze-thaw cycles and 2% DS loading labeled as 2%DL(B)3C show the lowest swelling capacity (18.47%). The in vitro assessment using Franz diffusion cells showed that the 2%DL(B)3C indicates a better sustained release of DS, with 53.26% of the DS being released after 12 h. The 2%DL(B)3C owned a flux (J(ss)) of 0.256 mg/cm(2)/h and a permeability coefficient (K-p) value of 0.020 cm/h. Thus, the results demonstrate that DS-medicated dual layer PVA patches prepared via a combination of electrospinning and cryogelation are capable of releasing drugs for up to 24 h and can serve as a drug reservoir in the skin, thereby extending the pharmacologic effects of DS. MDPI 2021-11 Article PeerReviewed Sa'adon, Shafizah and Ansari, Mohamed Nainar Mohamed and Abd Razak, Saiful Izwan and Yusof, Abdul Halim Mohd and Faudzi, Ahmad Athif Mohd and Sagadevan, Suresh and Nayan, Nadirul Hasraf Mat and Anand, Joseph Sahaya and Amin, Khairul Anuar Mat (2021) Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies. Pharmaceutics, 13 (11). ISSN 1999-4923, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900 <https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900>. 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900 |
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R Medicine RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology RS Pharmacy and materia medica Sa'adon, Shafizah Ansari, Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Abd Razak, Saiful Izwan Yusof, Abdul Halim Mohd Faudzi, Ahmad Athif Mohd Sagadevan, Suresh Nayan, Nadirul Hasraf Mat Anand, Joseph Sahaya Amin, Khairul Anuar Mat Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies |
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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have drawn more interest from pharmaceutical scientists because they could provide steady blood levels and prevent the first-pass metabolism over a longer period. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been widely used in this application due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, nanofiber and hydrogel-forming ability. Despite those benefits, their morphology would easily be destroyed by continuous water absorption and contribute to burst drug release due to its hydrophilicity. The aim of this study was to prepare the diclofenac sodium (DS)-medicated dual layer PVA patch using a combination of electrospinning and cryogelation (freeze-thaw) methods to improve the physicochemical properties and drug compatibility and investigate the release of the DS-medicated dual layer PVA patch. Morphological observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified the polymer-polymer interaction between both layers, whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has demonstrated the compatibility of DS in PVA matrix up to 2% w/v of PVA volume. The DS loads were found amorphously distributed efficaciously in PVA matrix as no visible spectra of DS-PVA interaction were detected. The DS-medicated dual layer PVA patch with a thicker nanofiber layer (3-milliliter running volume), three freeze-thaw cycles and 2% DS loading labeled as 2%DL(B)3C show the lowest swelling capacity (18.47%). The in vitro assessment using Franz diffusion cells showed that the 2%DL(B)3C indicates a better sustained release of DS, with 53.26% of the DS being released after 12 h. The 2%DL(B)3C owned a flux (J(ss)) of 0.256 mg/cm(2)/h and a permeability coefficient (K-p) value of 0.020 cm/h. Thus, the results demonstrate that DS-medicated dual layer PVA patches prepared via a combination of electrospinning and cryogelation are capable of releasing drugs for up to 24 h and can serve as a drug reservoir in the skin, thereby extending the pharmacologic effects of DS. |
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Article |
author |
Sa'adon, Shafizah Ansari, Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Abd Razak, Saiful Izwan Yusof, Abdul Halim Mohd Faudzi, Ahmad Athif Mohd Sagadevan, Suresh Nayan, Nadirul Hasraf Mat Anand, Joseph Sahaya Amin, Khairul Anuar Mat |
author_facet |
Sa'adon, Shafizah Ansari, Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Abd Razak, Saiful Izwan Yusof, Abdul Halim Mohd Faudzi, Ahmad Athif Mohd Sagadevan, Suresh Nayan, Nadirul Hasraf Mat Anand, Joseph Sahaya Amin, Khairul Anuar Mat |
author_sort |
Sa'adon, Shafizah |
title |
Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies |
title_short |
Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies |
title_full |
Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies |
title_fullStr |
Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies |
title_sort |
electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://eprints.um.edu.my/35323/ |
_version_ |
1748181076058046464 |
score |
13.160551 |