Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries
The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale - STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural stud...
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BF Psychology Sorokowski, Piotr Sorokowska, Agnieszka Karwowski, Maciej Groyecka, Agata Aavik, Toivo Akello, Grace Alm, Charlotte Amjad, Naumana Anjum, Afifa Asao, Kelly Atama, Chiemezie S. Duyar, Derya Atamturk Ayebare, Richard Batres, Carlota Bendixen, Mons Bensafia, Aicha Bizumic, Boris Boussena, Mahmoud Buss, David M. Butovskaya, Marina Can, Seda Cantarero, Katarzyna Carrier, Antonin Cetinkaya, Hakan Chabin, Dominika Conroy-Beam, Daniel Croy, Ilona Cueto, Rosa Maria Czub, Marcin Dronova, Daria Dural, Seda Duyar, Izzet Ertugrul, Berna Espinosa, Agustin Estevan, Ignacio Esteves, Carla Sofia Frackowiak, Tomasz Graduno, Jorge Contreras Guemaz, Farida Ha Thu, Tran Halamova, Maria Herak, Iskra Horvat, Marina Hromatko, Ivana Hui, Chin-Ming Jaafar, Jas Laile Jiang, Feng Kafetsios, Konstantinos Kavcic, Tina Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen Kervyn, Nicolas Kobis, Nils C. Kostic, Aleksandra Krasnodebska, Anna Lang, Andras Lennard, Georgina R. Leon, Ernesto Lindholm, Torun Lopez, Gulia Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh Mailhos, Alvaro Manesi, Zoi Martinez, Rocio Martinez, Mario Sainz McKerchar, Sarah L. Mesko, Norbert Misra, Girishwar Monaghan, Conal Mora, Emanuel C. Moya-Garofano, Alba Musil, Bojan Natividade, Jean Carlos Nizharadze, George Oberzaucher, Elisabeth Oleszkiewicz, Anna Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Omar Onyishi, Ike E. Ozener, Baris Pagani, Ariela Francesca Pakalniskiene, Vilmante Parise, Miriam Pawlowski, Boguslaw Pazhoohi, Farid Pejicic, Marija Pisanski, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Plohl, Nejc Ponciano, Edna Popa, Camelia Prokop, Pavol Przepiorka, Aneta Lam, Truong Quang Rizwan, Muhammad Rozycka-Tran, Joanna Salkicevic, Svjetlana Sargautyte, Ruta Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan Schmehl, Susanne Shahid, Anam Shaikh, Rizwana Sharad, Shivantika Simonetti, Franco Tadinac, Meri Ha, Truong Thi Khanh Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde Vauclair, Christin-Melanie Vega, Luis Diego Widarini, Dwi Ajeng Wojciszke, Bogdan Yoo, Gyesook Zadeh, Zainab Fotowwat Zatkova, Marta Zupancic, Maja Sternberg, Robert J. Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries |
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The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale - STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love. |
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Sorokowski, Piotr Sorokowska, Agnieszka Karwowski, Maciej Groyecka, Agata Aavik, Toivo Akello, Grace Alm, Charlotte Amjad, Naumana Anjum, Afifa Asao, Kelly Atama, Chiemezie S. Duyar, Derya Atamturk Ayebare, Richard Batres, Carlota Bendixen, Mons Bensafia, Aicha Bizumic, Boris Boussena, Mahmoud Buss, David M. Butovskaya, Marina Can, Seda Cantarero, Katarzyna Carrier, Antonin Cetinkaya, Hakan Chabin, Dominika Conroy-Beam, Daniel Croy, Ilona Cueto, Rosa Maria Czub, Marcin Dronova, Daria Dural, Seda Duyar, Izzet Ertugrul, Berna Espinosa, Agustin Estevan, Ignacio Esteves, Carla Sofia Frackowiak, Tomasz Graduno, Jorge Contreras Guemaz, Farida Ha Thu, Tran Halamova, Maria Herak, Iskra Horvat, Marina Hromatko, Ivana Hui, Chin-Ming Jaafar, Jas Laile Jiang, Feng Kafetsios, Konstantinos Kavcic, Tina Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen Kervyn, Nicolas Kobis, Nils C. Kostic, Aleksandra Krasnodebska, Anna Lang, Andras Lennard, Georgina R. Leon, Ernesto Lindholm, Torun Lopez, Gulia Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh Mailhos, Alvaro Manesi, Zoi Martinez, Rocio Martinez, Mario Sainz McKerchar, Sarah L. Mesko, Norbert Misra, Girishwar Monaghan, Conal Mora, Emanuel C. Moya-Garofano, Alba Musil, Bojan Natividade, Jean Carlos Nizharadze, George Oberzaucher, Elisabeth Oleszkiewicz, Anna Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Omar Onyishi, Ike E. Ozener, Baris Pagani, Ariela Francesca Pakalniskiene, Vilmante Parise, Miriam Pawlowski, Boguslaw Pazhoohi, Farid Pejicic, Marija Pisanski, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Plohl, Nejc Ponciano, Edna Popa, Camelia Prokop, Pavol Przepiorka, Aneta Lam, Truong Quang Rizwan, Muhammad Rozycka-Tran, Joanna Salkicevic, Svjetlana Sargautyte, Ruta Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan Schmehl, Susanne Shahid, Anam Shaikh, Rizwana Sharad, Shivantika Simonetti, Franco Tadinac, Meri Ha, Truong Thi Khanh Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde Vauclair, Christin-Melanie Vega, Luis Diego Widarini, Dwi Ajeng Wojciszke, Bogdan Yoo, Gyesook Zadeh, Zainab Fotowwat Zatkova, Marta Zupancic, Maja Sternberg, Robert J. |
author_facet |
Sorokowski, Piotr Sorokowska, Agnieszka Karwowski, Maciej Groyecka, Agata Aavik, Toivo Akello, Grace Alm, Charlotte Amjad, Naumana Anjum, Afifa Asao, Kelly Atama, Chiemezie S. Duyar, Derya Atamturk Ayebare, Richard Batres, Carlota Bendixen, Mons Bensafia, Aicha Bizumic, Boris Boussena, Mahmoud Buss, David M. Butovskaya, Marina Can, Seda Cantarero, Katarzyna Carrier, Antonin Cetinkaya, Hakan Chabin, Dominika Conroy-Beam, Daniel Croy, Ilona Cueto, Rosa Maria Czub, Marcin Dronova, Daria Dural, Seda Duyar, Izzet Ertugrul, Berna Espinosa, Agustin Estevan, Ignacio Esteves, Carla Sofia Frackowiak, Tomasz Graduno, Jorge Contreras Guemaz, Farida Ha Thu, Tran Halamova, Maria Herak, Iskra Horvat, Marina Hromatko, Ivana Hui, Chin-Ming Jaafar, Jas Laile Jiang, Feng Kafetsios, Konstantinos Kavcic, Tina Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen Kervyn, Nicolas Kobis, Nils C. Kostic, Aleksandra Krasnodebska, Anna Lang, Andras Lennard, Georgina R. Leon, Ernesto Lindholm, Torun Lopez, Gulia Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh Mailhos, Alvaro Manesi, Zoi Martinez, Rocio Martinez, Mario Sainz McKerchar, Sarah L. Mesko, Norbert Misra, Girishwar Monaghan, Conal Mora, Emanuel C. Moya-Garofano, Alba Musil, Bojan Natividade, Jean Carlos Nizharadze, George Oberzaucher, Elisabeth Oleszkiewicz, Anna Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Omar Onyishi, Ike E. Ozener, Baris Pagani, Ariela Francesca Pakalniskiene, Vilmante Parise, Miriam Pawlowski, Boguslaw Pazhoohi, Farid Pejicic, Marija Pisanski, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Plohl, Nejc Ponciano, Edna Popa, Camelia Prokop, Pavol Przepiorka, Aneta Lam, Truong Quang Rizwan, Muhammad Rozycka-Tran, Joanna Salkicevic, Svjetlana Sargautyte, Ruta Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan Schmehl, Susanne Shahid, Anam Shaikh, Rizwana Sharad, Shivantika Simonetti, Franco Tadinac, Meri Ha, Truong Thi Khanh Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde Vauclair, Christin-Melanie Vega, Luis Diego Widarini, Dwi Ajeng Wojciszke, Bogdan Yoo, Gyesook Zadeh, Zainab Fotowwat Zatkova, Marta Zupancic, Maja Sternberg, Robert J. |
author_sort |
Sorokowski, Piotr |
title |
Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries |
title_short |
Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries |
title_full |
Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries |
title_fullStr |
Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries |
title_sort |
universality of the triangular theory of love: adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries |
publisher |
Routledge Journals |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://eprints.um.edu.my/34734/ |
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1744649196766494720 |
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my.um.eprints.347342022-09-14T08:11:42Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/34734/ Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries Sorokowski, Piotr Sorokowska, Agnieszka Karwowski, Maciej Groyecka, Agata Aavik, Toivo Akello, Grace Alm, Charlotte Amjad, Naumana Anjum, Afifa Asao, Kelly Atama, Chiemezie S. Duyar, Derya Atamturk Ayebare, Richard Batres, Carlota Bendixen, Mons Bensafia, Aicha Bizumic, Boris Boussena, Mahmoud Buss, David M. Butovskaya, Marina Can, Seda Cantarero, Katarzyna Carrier, Antonin Cetinkaya, Hakan Chabin, Dominika Conroy-Beam, Daniel Croy, Ilona Cueto, Rosa Maria Czub, Marcin Dronova, Daria Dural, Seda Duyar, Izzet Ertugrul, Berna Espinosa, Agustin Estevan, Ignacio Esteves, Carla Sofia Frackowiak, Tomasz Graduno, Jorge Contreras Guemaz, Farida Ha Thu, Tran Halamova, Maria Herak, Iskra Horvat, Marina Hromatko, Ivana Hui, Chin-Ming Jaafar, Jas Laile Jiang, Feng Kafetsios, Konstantinos Kavcic, Tina Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen Kervyn, Nicolas Kobis, Nils C. Kostic, Aleksandra Krasnodebska, Anna Lang, Andras Lennard, Georgina R. Leon, Ernesto Lindholm, Torun Lopez, Gulia Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh Mailhos, Alvaro Manesi, Zoi Martinez, Rocio Martinez, Mario Sainz McKerchar, Sarah L. Mesko, Norbert Misra, Girishwar Monaghan, Conal Mora, Emanuel C. Moya-Garofano, Alba Musil, Bojan Natividade, Jean Carlos Nizharadze, George Oberzaucher, Elisabeth Oleszkiewicz, Anna Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Omar Onyishi, Ike E. Ozener, Baris Pagani, Ariela Francesca Pakalniskiene, Vilmante Parise, Miriam Pawlowski, Boguslaw Pazhoohi, Farid Pejicic, Marija Pisanski, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Plohl, Nejc Ponciano, Edna Popa, Camelia Prokop, Pavol Przepiorka, Aneta Lam, Truong Quang Rizwan, Muhammad Rozycka-Tran, Joanna Salkicevic, Svjetlana Sargautyte, Ruta Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan Schmehl, Susanne Shahid, Anam Shaikh, Rizwana Sharad, Shivantika Simonetti, Franco Tadinac, Meri Ha, Truong Thi Khanh Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde Vauclair, Christin-Melanie Vega, Luis Diego Widarini, Dwi Ajeng Wojciszke, Bogdan Yoo, Gyesook Zadeh, Zainab Fotowwat Zatkova, Marta Zupancic, Maja Sternberg, Robert J. BF Psychology The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale - STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love. Routledge Journals 2021-01-02 Article PeerReviewed Sorokowski, Piotr and Sorokowska, Agnieszka and Karwowski, Maciej and Groyecka, Agata and Aavik, Toivo and Akello, Grace and Alm, Charlotte and Amjad, Naumana and Anjum, Afifa and Asao, Kelly and Atama, Chiemezie S. and Duyar, Derya Atamturk and Ayebare, Richard and Batres, Carlota and Bendixen, Mons and Bensafia, Aicha and Bizumic, Boris and Boussena, Mahmoud and Buss, David M. and Butovskaya, Marina and Can, Seda and Cantarero, Katarzyna and Carrier, Antonin and Cetinkaya, Hakan and Chabin, Dominika and Conroy-Beam, Daniel and Croy, Ilona and Cueto, Rosa Maria and Czub, Marcin and Dronova, Daria and Dural, Seda and Duyar, Izzet and Ertugrul, Berna and Espinosa, Agustin and Estevan, Ignacio and Esteves, Carla Sofia and Frackowiak, Tomasz and Graduno, Jorge Contreras and Guemaz, Farida and Ha Thu, Tran and Halamova, Maria and Herak, Iskra and Horvat, Marina and Hromatko, Ivana and Hui, Chin-Ming and Jaafar, Jas Laile and Jiang, Feng and Kafetsios, Konstantinos and Kavcic, Tina and Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen and Kervyn, Nicolas and Kobis, Nils C. and Kostic, Aleksandra and Krasnodebska, Anna and Lang, Andras and Lennard, Georgina R. and Leon, Ernesto and Lindholm, Torun and Lopez, Gulia and Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh and Mailhos, Alvaro and Manesi, Zoi and Martinez, Rocio and Martinez, Mario Sainz and McKerchar, Sarah L. and Mesko, Norbert and Misra, Girishwar and Monaghan, Conal and Mora, Emanuel C. and Moya-Garofano, Alba and Musil, Bojan and Natividade, Jean Carlos and Nizharadze, George and Oberzaucher, Elisabeth and Oleszkiewicz, Anna and Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Omar and Onyishi, Ike E. and Ozener, Baris and Pagani, Ariela Francesca and Pakalniskiene, Vilmante and Parise, Miriam and Pawlowski, Boguslaw and Pazhoohi, Farid and Pejicic, Marija and Pisanski, Annette and Pisanski, Katarzyna and Plohl, Nejc and Ponciano, Edna and Popa, Camelia and Prokop, Pavol and Przepiorka, Aneta and Lam, Truong Quang and Rizwan, Muhammad and Rozycka-Tran, Joanna and Salkicevic, Svjetlana and Sargautyte, Ruta and Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan and Schmehl, Susanne and Shahid, Anam and Shaikh, Rizwana and Sharad, Shivantika and Simonetti, Franco and Tadinac, Meri and Ha, Truong Thi Khanh and Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde and Vauclair, Christin-Melanie and Vega, Luis Diego and Widarini, Dwi Ajeng and Wojciszke, Bogdan and Yoo, Gyesook and Zadeh, Zainab Fotowwat and Zatkova, Marta and Zupancic, Maja and Sternberg, Robert J. (2021) Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries. Journal of Sex Research, 58 (1). pp. 106-115. ISSN 0022-4499, DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1787318 <https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1787318>. 10.1080/00224499.2020.1787318 |
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