The development of new homogenous and heterogeneous catalytic processes for the treatment of low grade palm oil

• Main Authors: Hayyan, Adeeb, Yeow, Andrew T. H., Abed, Khalid M., Basirun, Wan Jeffrey, Kiat, Low Boon, Saleh, Jehad, Han, Goh Wen, Min, Pua Chia, Aljohani, Abdullah S. M., Zulkifli, Mohd Yakub, Alajmi, Falah D. H., Alhumaydhi, Fahad A., Aldeehani, Ahmaad Kadmouse, Hashim, Mohd Ali
• Format: Article
• Published: Elsevier 2021
• Subjects: QC Physics; QD Chemistry
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/34513/

Low grade crude palm oil (LGCPO) presents as an attractive option as feedstock for biodiesel production due to its low cost and non-competition with food resources. Typically, LGCPO contains high contents of free fatty acids (FFA), rendering it impossible in direct trans-esterification processes due...