Determination of three endocrine disruptors in water samples by ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-SI-LLME) and high-performance liquid chromatography - diode array detection (HPLC-DAD)

• Main Authors: Rozaini, Muhammad Nur' Hafiz, Saad, Bahruddin, Yahaya, Noorfatimah, Lim, Jun Wei, Aris, Muhammad Naeim Mohd, Ramachandran, Muggundha Raoov
• Format: Article
• Published: Taylor & Francis 2022
• Subjects: QD Chemistry
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/33832/

Endocrine-disrupting compounds are routinely detected in environmental water. In this study, a simple and rapid sample preparation method based on ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-SI-LLME) followed by high performance liquid chromatography - diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in water. Parameters that affect the extraction efficiency - such as type and mass of salt, type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, sample pH and sample volume - were studied. Under the optimized conditions, the method demonstrated linearity from 0.18 to 1000 mu g L-1 with coefficients of determination R-2 >= 0.9899, limits of detection from 0.05 to 0.2 mu g L-1, and good recoveries (> 70%) with relative standard deviations < 10%. The method was applied for the determination of triclosan, triclocarban, and methyl-triclosan in swimming pool, lake, and wastewater. The greenness of the method was quantified using the Analytical Eco-Scale Index.