Electrochemical Sodiation/Desodiation into Mn3O4 Nanoparticles

• Main Authors: Yusoff, Nor Fazila Mahamad, Idris, Nurul Hayati, Din, Muhamad Faiz Md, Majid, Siti Rohana, Harun, Noor Aniza, Rahman, Md Mokhlesur
• Format: Article
• Published: American Chemical Society 2020
• Subjects: QD Chemistry
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/31742/

Mn3O4 is considered to be a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of its low cost, high capacity, and enhanced safety. However, the inferior cyclic stability of the Mn3O4 anode is a major challenge for the development of SIBs. In this study, a one-step solvothermal method was established to produce nanostructured Mn3O4 with an average particle size of 21 nm and a crystal size of 11 nm. The Mn3O4 obtained exhibits a unique architecture, consisting of small clusters composed of numerous tiny nanoparticles. The Mn3O4 material could deliver high capacity (522 mAh g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1)), reasonable cyclic stability (158 mAh g(-1) after 200 cycles), and good rate capability (73 mAh g(-1) at 1000 mA g(-1)) even without further carbon coating, which is a common exercise for most anode materials so far. The sodium insertion/extraction was also confirmed by a reversible conversion reaction by adopting an ex situ X-ray diffraction technique. This simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly synthesis technique with good electrochemical performance shows that the Mn3O4 nanoparticle anode has the potential for SIB development.