Chemometrics-based evaluation on the effect of sonication, contact time and solid-to-solvent ratio on total phenolics and flavonoids, free fatty acids and antibacterial potency of Carica papaya seed against S. enteritidis, B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis

• Main Authors: Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan, Bakar, Jamilah, Azid, Azman, Iqbal, Muhammad Javid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2022
• Subjects: QD Chemistry
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/97720/13/97720_Chemometrics-based%20evaluation%20on%20the%20effect%20of%20sonication.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/97720/; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

This study was aimed at extraction optimization of antibacterial agents from Carica papaya seed against S. enter-itidis, B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis as affected by sonication-assisted extraction (SAE), contact time (CT) and solid-to-solvent ratio (SSR). The principal component analysis (PCA) and individual evaluation approaches identified that no SAE, 8 CT and 1:10 SSR were the best treatments with the highest antibacterial potency. The PCA identified no SAE, 8 CT, and 1:5 SSR as the second-beat treatment. The yield, total phenolic compound (TPC), C18:1n9t and C16:1 free fatty acids (FAs) in no SAE, 8 CT and 1:10 SSR treatment inhibited B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis growths while C21:0 and C15:0 in 30 min SAE, 8 CT and 1:2 SSR inhibited S. enteritidis growth. The yield, TPC, C18:1n9t and C16:1 FAs, and C6:0 and C24:1n9, C20:1, C4:0 and C20:0 FAs had antagonistic effects on B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis growths. The C21:0, C15:0, C6:0 and C13:0, and C23:0, C20:0 and C11:0 FAs had antagonistic effects on S. enteritidis growth. The PCA also denoted that the MIC50 and MIC0 had a higher variation than MIC; hence, the former variables were better to use in PCA.