Bacterial meningitis

• Main Author: Haroon, Raihanah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Radiopaedia 2021
• Subjects: RC Internal medicine; RC633 Specialties of Internal Medicines- Diseases of The Blood and Blood-forming Organs. Hematologic Diseases
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/97111/1/97111_Bacterial%20meningitis.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/97111/; https://radiopaedia.org/cases/bacterial-meningitis?lang=us

30 years old female. Presented with altered behaviour, fever and slurred speech. Positive family history of SLE. WCC 6.9. Lumbar puncture: high CSF protein and opening pressure, WBC 1332 Findings: Generalised abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement is noted. No basal enhancement is otherwise evident. No focal enhancing brain intraparenchymal lesion. Prominence of 3rd ventricle as well as temporal horns of both lateral ventricles with early generalised effacement of cortical sulci. Impression: Overall appearances likely represent meningitis with slightly worsening early communicating hydrocephalus. Case Discussion Meningitis is defined as infection of the pia matter, arachnoid and adjacent CSF. It can be divided into pachymeningitis (infection of dura matter) or leptomeningitis (infection of pia matter, arachnoid and CSF). Patients often present with headache, stiff neck, confusion, disorientation with positive CSF analysis. The role of imaging is to exclude parenchymal abscess, ventriculitis, localised empyema; evaluate PNS/ temporal bone as a source of infection and to monitor complications. Complications include cerebritis, ventriculitis, brain atrophy, brain infarction, subdural effusion, hydrocephalus & cranial nerve dysfunction. Hydrocephalus in meningitis is caused by cellular debris blocking the foramen of Monro, aqueduct, 4th ventricular outlet, or caused by intraventricular septa/ arachnoid adhesion.