Take stock Bali Island as the potential of biosphere reserve site

• Main Author: Zen, Irina Safitri
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Language: English; English
• Published: IOP Publishing 2019
• Subjects: G Geography (General); GE Environmental Sciences; Q Science (General); QK Botany
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/74344/7/Safitri_Zen_2019_IOP_Conf._Ser.__Earth_Environ._Sci._298_012021.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/74344/13/74344_Take%20Stock%20Bali%20Island%20as%20the%20Potential%20of%20Biosphere%20Reserve%20Site_Scopus.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/74344/

Adopting biosphere reserves, BRs in the area with local protected area and international designated area will embrace the community involvement to support its biosphere stewardship function. It is argued that the community with a strong social capital as well as strong traditional ecological knowledge and culture will contribute to strengthen the conservation efforts by providing more opportunity at the local level through the specific zonation of the UNESCO Man And Biosphere, MAB program. By using the Bali Island as a case study, the study analyses to what extent the potential of Bali island as a Biosphere Reserves, BRs site by take stock the natural resources, governance of the conservation park as well as the human cultural and social capital aspect. The latest has been recognised as crucial element to develop social enterprise and entrepreneurs as stated in the Lima Action plan to deliver Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs 2030 in BRs site. Hence, the paper found out the three sites in Bali island, the two are the important international designated sites; the Bali island cultural landscape as a manifestation of Tri Hita Karana in Subak system by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO World Heritage Site and the West Bali National Park protected area category II by the International Union for Conservation Nature, IUCN and the last is the national park of Monkey Forest in Ubud as the initial assessment of take stock Bali BRs. Nevertheless, the study found the manifestation of Balinese philosophy, Tri Hita Karana or ‘Three Sources of Wellbeing’ which represents the existence pluralistic collectivism actions at the local level has potential to accommodate the adaptive governance crucial to manage the commons in biosphere reserve. Finally, the paper came up with the conceptual model of proposed Bali BRs that accommodate the natural capital as well as the social capital in zonation concept of BRs. However, further detail study on the ecosystem services functions and sustainable livelihood need to be conducted to support the nomination of Bali Island as the future biosphere reserve.