Has Europeans always been better than Muslims in knowledge?

• Main Author: Akhmetova, Elmira
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Language: English; English
• Published: 2018
• Subjects: BP134.S3 Quran and Science; D History (General); D111 Medieval History; D901 Europe (General); DP Spain; LA History of education; LC905 Islamic Education
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/65947/1/Invitation%20letter%20-%20Dr%20Elmira.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/65947/3/HAS%20EUROPEANS%20ALWAYS%20BEEN%20BETTER%2011%20August%202018%20KL.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/65947/

This paper discusses the scientific and educational developments during the eras of the Abbasid Caliphate and Muslim Spain. It suggests that Islamic civilisation played an important role in creating European civilisation, its values, systems, and progress.