Subcritical carbon dioxide extraction of stereospermum fimbriatum’s stem bark and the extract’s potential as an anti-dermal infection agent

• Main Authors: Awang, Anis Fadhlina Izyani, Sarker, Md. Zaidul Islam, Ahmed, Qamar Uddin, Md. Jaffri, Juliana, Omar, Muhammad Nor
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Language: English
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: Q Science (General)
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/55756/2/55756.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/55756/

Dermal infection is one of the most common infections that occur worldwide. The problem of antibiotic resistant and its adverse effect on the host have also worsened the issue, and this has urge scientists to find new effective drugs. Earth is enriched with natural resources such as plants that have been used traditionally to cure diseases. Stereospermum fimbriatum or “Chicha” had been used traditionally to treat several illnesses such stomachache, earache, itchy skin and postpartum illness. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of S. fimbriatum’s stem bark against selected skin pathogens which were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus aerogenes, Candida albicans and Microsporum gypseum. Subcritical carbon dioxide extraction with and without co-solvent (ethanol) was used to extract the plant materials. Antimicrobial assay was carried out by several methods which were disc diffusion (200, 400 and 600 µg/disc), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with a concentration range of 1000 - 0.4 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. Based on the observation, the use of co-solvent ethanol (10 %) in the extraction has increase the antimicrobial activity of the S. fimbriatum’s stem bark extract. The most potent antibacterial activity was observed against S. epidermidis (13.33 mm), followed by MRSA and S. aureus (10.67 mm). All extracts exhibited no antimicrobial activity against E. coli, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, E. aerogenes, Candida albicans and Microsporum gypseum, except against S. pyogenes with only weak antibacterial activity. The MIC analysis of susceptible strains resulted with a MIC value of 1000 µg/mL. This study might provide a pathway towards green technology extraction and the discovery of new local species with potential antibacterial activity against skin pathogenic microorganisms.