Glycemic control and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus in a selected hospital university at east coast Malaysia

• Main Authors: Md Aris, Mohd Aznan, Shaik Mohd Nizam, Nur Alia Iman, Masnan, Ain Nafisa, Mahfudz, Fatihah Adibah, Omar, Ahmad Marzuki
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Faculty of Medicine, UKM 2023
• Subjects: R Medicine (General); RA Public aspects of medicine; RC Internal medicine
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/110111/1/110111_Glycemic%20control%20and%20its%20associated%20factors.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/110111/; https://www.medicineandhealthukm.com/article/international-virtual-medical-research-symposium

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder, is widely observed locally and globally. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes will encounter life-long complications earlier than those with controlled diabetes. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with glycemic control in T2DM patients in Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (SASMEC) at IIUM, a university hospital in Kuantan. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Medical Outpatient Clinic of SASMEC at IIUM, from August to September 2023 involving 205 T2DM patients, selected using a universal sampling method. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire for socio-demographic and clinical data. Relevant investigation results were retrieved from the patient’s medical record. Descriptive statistics and regression test were performed for data analyses. Results: The response rate was 100%. 64.9% of the respondents have poor diabetic control, which was associated with age below 65 years old (p=0.016), Indian ethnicity (p=0.004), longer duration of T2DM (p=0.020), type of diabetic medications used (p<0.001), and knowledge on diabetes (p=0.007). The probability of having poor glycaemic control was 2.3 times more likely among respondents with T2DM for more than 10 years (p=0.025), 5.5 more likely among insulin users (p=0.012), 3.3 more likely in both OGLDs and insulin users (p<0.001) and 0.7 times less likely among those aged 65 and above. Conclusion: The prevalence of poorly controlled diabetes was high and significantly associated with age below 65 years old, Indian ethnicity, longer duration of T2DM, medications used, and knowledge on diabetes. Therefore, T2DM with these factors needs to be targeted for early intervention to prevent life-long complications of diabetes.