A review on methods of analysis of the pigments and inks in illuminated manuscript

• Main Authors: Mash'al, Nawal, Abdul Razak, Rajabi, Md. Sharif, Harlina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: IIUM Press 2023
• Subjects: NK1160 Decoration and ornament. Design; Q Science (General)
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/109329/7/109329_A%20review%20on%20methods%20of%20analysis%20of%20the%20pigments.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/109329/; https://journals.iium.edu.my/kaed/index.php/japcm/article/view/765

Ink and pigment significantly impact historical context because of their extensive colour palette. In modern and contemporary times, using coloured minerals, other natural materials, synthetic pigments, and inks contributed to creating an accessible colour palette. Therefore, this study aims to review the current methods for analyzing pigment and ink properties and characteristics to gain insights into the historical context of illuminated manuscripts. The study aims to achieve three objectives: firstly, identifying and evaluating the most effective and reliable methods for examining pigment and ink properties; secondly, determining suitable non-destructive and destructive approaches to obtain accurate information about the materials' composition and characteristics; and thirdly, enhancing the understanding of the historical and cultural significance of illuminated manuscripts by analyzing the materials used in their creation. Illuminated manuscripts are valuable artefacts that provide significant historical and cultural insights. The materials used in creating these manuscripts, such as pigments and inks, offer valuable clues about the artistic techniques, cultural influences, and historical context of the period in which they were produced. However, analyzing these materials requires specialized methods and techniques. The problem addressed in this study is the need to identify and evaluate the most effective and reliable methods for examining pigment and ink properties in illuminated manuscripts. This includes determining the appropriate non-destructive and destructive approaches that can provide accurate information about the materials used, their composition, and their characteristics. It is found that the instrumental analyses that have been used are spectroscopy and microscopic analysis through non-destructive and destructive approaches. The destructive analysis showed that a positive test that confirms the presence of an element is usually more reliable than a negative test that confirms its absence, while ink formulation and chemical composition are not evaluated using non-destructive ink analysis procedures. In conclusion, the study contributes to the field of art history and conservation by determining practical methods for analyzing pigment and ink qualities in illuminated manuscripts, which ultimately improves our understanding of their historical and cultural relevance. Identifying the suitable analytical approaches that can be implemented through various case studies from other researchers' work experience is crucial.