دور الأمة في تفعيل فروض الكفاية وعلاقته بمقاصد الشريعة: دراسة من منظور الشريعة = National collective responsibility (fard kifāyah) and its relationship with the purposes of sharia: a study from the perspective of shariah

• Main Authors: Eletrebi, Mahamed Fathy, Suleiman, Hassan, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Walīd Mohamed
• Format: Article
• Language: Arabic
• Published: Intelligentia Resources 2023
• Subjects: BPK Islamic law. Shari'ah. Fiqh; BPK109 Sources of Islamic law; BPK36 Islamic law (General); BPK78 Usul al-fiqh; BPL Islamic education; KBP Islamic Law; KBP1 Islamic law.Shariah.Fiqh
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/105307/1/105307_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84%20%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B6%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/105307/; https://almaqasid.my/index.php/ojs/article/view/53

This paper explores the significance of national collective or communal responsibilities in relation to the objectives of Islamic law. The research aims to identify these collectives as described in classic Fiqh and Usuli books, their connection to the general obligations of individuals, the transition of these obligations into individual duties, and the role of the Muslim nation in fulfilling these obligations. The paper argues that the purpose of the Muslim nation, represented by Muhammad's final nation, is to bear witness to humanity in this world through its emergence, triumph, and progress, guided by Muhammad's teachings. Consequently, the paper addresses several inquiries: What role does the nation play in fulfilling their collective duties (Furud alKifāyah), and how does this role relate to the objectives of Islamic law? The research methodology employed in this study is a descriptive-analytical approach, which elucidates the concept of the nation and its association with collective obligations and the realization of Sharia objectives for the greater benefit of the nation. Consequently, the paper arrives at several key conclusions. Firstly, the obligation of sufficiency extends beyond the legal obligations stipulated in fiqh al-Ibadat to encompass diverse fields of knowledge and practical domains necessary for the well-being of the nation. Secondly, the notion of a nation existed prior to the advent of Islam, albeit in the form of clans or tribes. Islam transformed the Arabs under its protection into a distinct people, characterized by unity, environmental factors, and religious identity. This transformation extended to non-Arabs such as Salman al-Farisi, Suhaib al-Roumi, and Bilal al-Habashi, who were considered members of the nation, sharing the rights and obligations of Islamic citizenship. Thirdly, comprehending the legal rulings pertaining to the nation's role in enforcing sufficiency obligations is crucial for understanding the duties of the nation within the framework of Sharia objectives. Finally, due to the greater specificity and significance of individual obligations compared to collective or communal responsibilities, it is impermissible to equate the fulfillment of sufficiency obligations to the same level as individual obligations (Wājib `Ayni).