Linking integrity with road pricing cause and effect model: a system dynamics simulation approach

• Main Authors: Mansur, Masriah, Kamaruzzaman, Zetty Ain, Ahmarofi, Ahmad Afif, Cheng, Jack Kie, Abdul Rahman, Hamirahanim, Masri, Khairil Azman, Abdul Rahim, Nadirah, Shariff, S.Sarifah Radiah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universiti Malaysia Pahang 2022
• Subjects: TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General); TA1001 Transportation engineering (General)
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/103051/7/103051_Linking%20integrity%20with%20road%20pricing%20cause.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/103051/; https://journal.ump.edu.my/jgi/article/view/8497/2676; https://doi.org/10.15282/jgi.5.3.2022.8497

With Malaysia's rapid urbanisation and continuous improvement of living standards, vehicle ownership and trip volume continue to grow. Increases in motor traffic in large cities and their environs result in a number of social, environmental, and economic issues, which are frequently attributable to the widespread use of automobiles as the primary mode of urban transportation. This exacerbates traffic congestion on the country's highways, particularly in urban areas such as Kuala Lumpur. This traffic congestion poses an ongoing threat to the sustainability of transport development. Thus, the aim of this study is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship based on a system dynamics approach regarding the implementation of road pricing as a tool for reducing congestion and a stepping stone for enhancing sustainability. Road pricing is a direct charge assessed to drivers who use the road network with the goal of reducing the number of private vehicles on the road during peak hours. The developed Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) composed of five subsystems: road congestion, road attractiveness, new road construction, public transportation, and road pricing. The road congestion, new road construction, and road pricing all encounter mutual reinforcement as a result of a variety of negative polarities. As a result, authorities should place a greater emphasis on these loopholes, as they will inevitably result in unexpected changes. Additionally, by incorporating holistic perspectives from previous works and experts in the field, CLD can aid in identifying the primary factors underlying the problem being studied. Furthermore, the developed CLD could enlighten the Malaysian government and the stakeholders of road construction regarding the causal relationship towards road pricing strategy in reducing traffic congestion effectively.