Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF)
The development of controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) have minimized plant nutrient loss uncontrolled by conventional fertilizers but still contain flaws in terms of the non-biodegradability and price of the coating material. This research aims to explore more on the potential of citric acid cross...
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Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
2013
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my-utp-utpedia.84592013-10-09T11:07:22Z http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/8459/ Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF) Huong Tiing, Michelle Lee TP Chemical technology The development of controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) have minimized plant nutrient loss uncontrolled by conventional fertilizers but still contain flaws in terms of the non-biodegradability and price of the coating material. This research aims to explore more on the potential of citric acid cross-linked starch as coating for CRFs. Since films developed from pure starch have weak mechanical properties, starch can be strengthened through chemical modifications such as cross-linking to produce value-added starch. Citric acid is used as a cross-link agent and its effectiveness is being studied. Preliminary preparation of starch solutions was done using deionized water, glycerol, native tapioca starch and citric acid of varying concentrations (0-30% w/w). Films were cast in an oven and were subjected to the water uptake test and swelling/disintegration test. The cross-linked film squares immersed in water for the swelling/disintegration test appeared to be intact for up to one week whereas the non-cross-linked film square degraded early in the test. As for the water uptake test, the starch films containing a higher amount of citric acid exhibited a lower percentage water uptake as compared to starch films containing a lower amount of citric acid. This phenomenon is attributed to the extent of cross-linking within the starch molecular structure which may encourage or inhibit the entry of water molecules. Urea prills coated with the cross-linked starch solution were viewed under a scanning electron microscope. The images show that the coating process was successfully done, with the coating adhering to the surface of the urea prill, although not very homogenously. Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 2013-05 Final Year Project NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/8459/1/FYP2013_MICHELLE%20LEE%20HUONG%20TIING_12652.pdf Huong Tiing, Michelle Lee (2013) Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF). Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS. (Unpublished) |
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TP Chemical technology Huong Tiing, Michelle Lee Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF) |
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The development of controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) have minimized plant nutrient loss uncontrolled by conventional fertilizers but still contain flaws in terms of the non-biodegradability and price of the coating material. This research aims to explore more on the potential of citric acid cross-linked starch as coating for CRFs. Since films developed from pure starch have weak mechanical properties, starch can be strengthened through chemical modifications such as cross-linking to produce value-added starch. Citric acid is used as a cross-link agent and its effectiveness is being studied. Preliminary preparation of starch solutions was done using deionized water, glycerol, native tapioca starch and citric acid of varying concentrations (0-30% w/w). Films were cast in an oven and were subjected to the water uptake test and swelling/disintegration test. The cross-linked film squares immersed in water for the swelling/disintegration test appeared to be intact for up to one week whereas the non-cross-linked film square degraded early in the test. As for the water uptake test, the starch films containing a higher amount of citric acid exhibited a lower percentage water uptake as compared to starch films containing a lower amount of citric acid. This phenomenon is attributed to the extent of cross-linking within the starch molecular structure which may encourage or inhibit the entry of water molecules. Urea prills coated with the cross-linked starch solution were viewed under a scanning electron microscope. The images show that the coating process was successfully done, with the coating adhering to the surface of the urea prill, although not very homogenously. |
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Final Year Project |
author |
Huong Tiing, Michelle Lee |
author_facet |
Huong Tiing, Michelle Lee |
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Huong Tiing, Michelle Lee |
title |
Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for
Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF) |
title_short |
Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for
Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF) |
title_full |
Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for
Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF) |
title_fullStr |
Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for
Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Starch for
Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF) |
title_sort |
development of citric acid cross-linked starch for
controlled-release fertilizer (crf) |
publisher |
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/8459/1/FYP2013_MICHELLE%20LEE%20HUONG%20TIING_12652.pdf http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/8459/ |
_version_ |
1739831578020806656 |
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13.160551 |