ORIENTATIONS OF DIPOLE ANTENNA FOR DOUBLE STACKING HYDROCARBON MARINE CONTROLLED SOURCE ELECTROMAGNETIC

• Main Author: NAHAR, NORHANIS BINTI
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: English
• Published: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 2012
• Subjects: TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
• Online Access: http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/3979/2/NORHANIS_NAHAR-FYP2-Final_Report-Hardbound.pdf; http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/3979/

Seabed logging is an innovative electromagnetic (EM) method of locating offshore hydrocarbon reservoir. It is a technique that utilizes Electromagnetic (EM) waves to propagate signals to reservoir depths where the difference in resistivity levels of different regions under the seafloor will help to determine possible oil wells for future exploration. However, different antenna orientation varies the sensitivity in detecting hydrocarbon layer. The correct rotation and placement of antenna will give the best response in optimizing the accuracy of oil layer position in seabed. In addition, it is very difficult to predict the existing 2nd hydrocarbon underneath the sea. Thickness oil layer variation will vary the magnitude of field received by the receiver. In this project, 2D modeling will be constructed by using CST EM Studio as simulator software. At the end of this project, the simulator could show the sensitivity of of each antenna orientation and responses from the two oil layers. From simulations, Horizontal Electric Dipole, in-line with receiver (HED-R), is the most sensitive in detecting one hydrocarbon layer with 380% increased in magnitude of E-field compared to Vertical Electric Dipole (VED) . The magnitude of E-field increase when the oil layer thickness increased and viceversa. For every 50m increment of oil layer thickness, 20% of the E-field magnitude will be increased. E-field magnitude deviated to the decrease of 46% when the 2nd hydrocarbon layer been decreased to 30m. The minimum percentage of starting point of hydrocarbon to be considered is 1% and the highest percentage field difference is taken as the ending point of hydrocarbon. The percentage of E field increased as minimum as 1% after 3000m the original location of hydrocarbon. In conclusion, Vertical Electric Dipole antenna gives the most optimum senstivity in detecting stacking of hydrocarbon layer with the highest percentange difference increment of 11.21% compared to both Horizontal Electric Dipole (HED) antennas. This report will also describe briefly on the advantages of this technique as well as the process involved on the project.