One-Step Ammonia Using Magnetic Nano-catalyst

• Main Author: Noordin, Norhasifah
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: English
• Published: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 2011
• Subjects: TP Chemical technology
• Online Access: http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/10561/1/2011%20-%20One-Step%20Ammonia%20using%20Magnetic%20Nano-Catalyst.pdf; http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/10561/

Ammonia production is a very energy and capital intensive industry as it requires high temperature (400-500°C) and high pressure (150--300 bar) for its daily operations. In order to overcome these drawbacks, application of magnetic nanocatalyst with magnetic induction method is seen as an excellent solution. By introducing nano-catalyst with the new concept of micro-reactor with magnetic field induction applied, the catalytic activity can be induced and the yield can be enhanced. The magneto-dynamic will be introduced in the ammonia production process in order to replace the concept of thermodynamic in Haber Bosch which require the production of ammonia at high temperature and high pressure. The nanocatalysts have been reduced by using Temperature Reduction Method (TPR) and YIG nanocatalyst has been reduced from Y3Fes012 to Y3Fe at 960°C temperature. Hematite nanocatalyst has been reduced from Fez OJ to Fe metal at I 025°C temperature while Manganese Oxide nanocatalyst has been reduced from MnO to Mn metal at 470°C temperature. Besides, Manganese Zinc Ferrite nanocatalyst has been reduced from MnosZnozFez04 to MnZnFe at 736°C temperature. The Y3Fe5012 (YIG) catalyst with magnetic induction has been produced 242.56J.!mol/h.g-cat yield of ammonia which is 95.88% much higher than ammonia synthesis without magnetic induction (I OJ.!mol/h.g-cat). The ammonia yield with magnetic induction method at temperature 0°C is 242.56J.!mole/h.g-cat which is 0.90% higher than synthesis at 25°C temperature (240.4J.!mol/h.g-cat). Ammonia yield at 0.2Tesla is 249.04J.!mole/h.g-cat which is higher than yield at O.!Tesla which is 242.56J.!mol/h.g-cat. It is proven that as more magnetic field applied, more effective the catalytic activity will be as better alignment of the electron spin of the catalyst occur and enhance the adsorption and desorption process. Y3Fe50 12 (YIG) shows the best catalytic reaction followed by Fe203 (Hematite) and MnO (Manganese Oxide). By this new route, synthesis of ammonia at low temperature is realized and offers the ammonia producers a potential contender in the market place. Chapter I in this study will discuss about background of the study on current scenario and history of ammonia production, problem statement and objectives and scope of the study. On chapter 2. the theory is been discussed especially about the ammonia synthesis. ammonia feeds and products properties, followed by the ammonia market data, the concept of energy. concept of thermodynamic on Haber Bosch process. the concept of thermo-magnl'tic equilibrium reaction. the theory of magnetic induction. Hemholtz coil. atom and magnetic tield. application of magnetic nano-catalyst. catalytic reaction. Then. topic discussed is about the micro-reactor. and last but not least about temperature programmed reduction (TPR). Next, the methodology is described in chapter 3 whereas the subtopic is divided into design of experiment which involved tour phases that are planning. screening. optimize and verification. Next, sample preparation and sample testing is being discussed. Chapter 4 consists of result and discussion where the result of TPR and result of yield in Experiment 1 to Experiment 8 percentage is calculated. l.ast but not least. conclusion and recommendation is provided in Chapter 5.