Exploring the nexus of energy consumption, natural resources, human development, renewable energy and ecological footprint: a case study of European Union countries

• Main Author: Thong, Jeff Hon Yew
• Format: Final Year Project / Dissertation / Thesis
• Published: 2024
• Subjects: H Social Sciences (General); HT Communities. Classes. Races
• Online Access: http://eprints.utar.edu.my/6384/1/Jeff_Thong_Hon_Yew_2101674.pdf; http://eprints.utar.edu.my/6384/

The Ecological Footprint is a crucial metric for measuring humanity’s contribution to the planet, indicating human activities and resource utilization relative to the Earth’s biocapacity. The research manifests across Europe as a multifaceted indicator entrenched in energy consumption patterns, natural resource utilization, human development indicators, and the transition to renewable energy sources. High-income countries tend to have high per capita Ecological Footprints given their high consumption levels, while low-income countries struggle to satisfy their basic needs. Europe is under significant pressure owing to its large dependence on fossil fuels, resulting in a vast carbon footprint and ecological deficit. However, Europe is dedicated to serving as a role model for other regions by implementing the European Green Deal to transform the continent into a resource-efficient, low-carbon society. Furthermore, the policy reflects a trade-off between the ecological footprint and human well-being to create sustainable development and governance. As such, it is worth questioning whether the move to renewable energy sources will enable Europe to reduce its ecological footprint and contribute to sustainable environmental conservation.