Reviews on calcium mediated secondary messengers in chronic opioids exposure/addiction

Addiction and withdrawal are problems disturbing the health of the individual and also causes difficulties for society, raising the rates of divorce, unemployment and government spending on legal and medical systems. Opioids show an important pharmacological effect in the treatment of pain, with e...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mohd Adzim Khalili, Rohin, Nor Hidayah, Abu Bakar, U.S. Mahadeva, Rao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2015
Subjects:
Online Access:http://eprints.unisza.edu.my/5824/1/FH02-FPSK-15-02624.jpg
http://eprints.unisza.edu.my/5824/
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