Optimization of stingless bee propolis extractions and comparison of chemical composition and biological activity
Propolis has been used as therapeutic agent since ancient time and considered as high value materials. In order to obtain maximum yield of extract production with excellent biological activity, extraction techniques need to be optimized. This study aimed to optimize extraction protocol and screen...
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Main Authors: | , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2017
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://eprints.unisza.edu.my/5810/1/FH02-FBIM-18-13126.pdf http://eprints.unisza.edu.my/5810/ |
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Summary: | Propolis has been used as therapeutic agent since ancient time and considered as high value materials. In order
to obtain maximum yield of extract production with excellent biological activity, extraction techniques need to
be optimized. This study aimed to optimize extraction protocol and screen total phenolic, total flavonoid and
antioxidant activity. Propolis was collected from Apiary of UniSZA, Besut Campus and extracted with 70% and
95% of ethanol using different extraction methods which were: maceration, sonication and soxhlet. The total
phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant activity was
evaluated by DPPH assay. Effectiveness of extraction methods were compared based on extraction yield, total
metabolite (total phenolic and flavonoid) and antioxidant activity. Propolis extraction by 4 hours soxhlet using
95% ethanol produced the highest yield at 49.29%. However, extraction by sonication at 10 minutes of 70%
ethanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic content of 16.98 ± 0.10 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract
propolis (GAE/g). While 70% ethanolic extract from 30 minutes of sonication method displayed the highest
total flavonoid content as compared to that of 95% ethanol with value of 107.27±4.10 mg quercetin
equivalents/g extract (QE/g). The lowest total flavonoid content was 95% ethanolic extract by soxhlet extraction
at 2 hours (18.65 ± 0.47 QE/g). The propolis extract of 95% ethanol from sonication (30 minutes) showed a
good antioxidant activity with IC 50 value of 11± 0.55 mg Trolox equivalents/g extract. In the present study,
propolis extracted by 30 minutes sonication period showed the most efficient to obtain extract with good
phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than those two other methods. Finding from this
study also showed that specification of extraction method is important to yield high quality extract. |
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