Understanding Concrete Damages: Causes, Contributing Factors, and Integrity Assessment

• Main Authors: Suparjo, ., Yuli Panca, Asmara, Firda, Herlina, Jainal, Arifin, Robiatul, Adawiyah
• Format: Article
• Language: English; English
• Published: INTI International University 2025
• Subjects: T Technology (General); TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General); TH Building construction
• Online Access: http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/1/joit2025_03.docx; http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/2/666; http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/; http://ipublishing.intimal.edu.my/joint.html

Concrete, one of the most widely used construction materials, is susceptible to various defects that compromise its durability and structural integrity. Deterioration results from a combination of chemical, physical, and environmental factors, including acid attack, chloride penetration, sulfate...