Optimizing decentralized exam timetabling with a discrete whale optimization algorithm

—In recent years, there has been increasing interest in intelligent optimization algorithms, such as the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Initially proposed for continuous domains, WOA mimics the hunting behavior of humpback whales and has been adapted for discrete domains through modifications....

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Emily Sing Kiang Siew, San nah sze, Say leng goh
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	The Science and Information (SAI) Organization 2025
Subjects:	LB3011-3095 School management and discipline QA75.5-76.95 Electronic computers. Computer science
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/43878/1/FULL%20TEXT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/43878/ https://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160125
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